我国农村客运服务满意度影响因素分析 ——以北京市昌平区和贵州省黔南州为例

为了对比研究不同影响因素对农村客运服务满意度的影响程度，通过对北京市昌平区和贵州省黔南州农村客运服务的调查，本文选取受教育水平、乘车频率、出行目的、候车时间、步行距离、票价等6个影响因素做重点分析，并建立多元有序Logistic模型.研究结果表明，同一影响因素对不同经济社会发展水平地区的影响效果不同.在农村客运服务满意度方面：服务可达性比服务经济性的影响更大，供给侧影响因素比需求侧影响因素的影响更大，乘客异质性只具有间接影响作用.所以，本文建议根据不同区域的实际情况，从科学规划线网布局、加大政府投入力度、创新市场运营方式等方面，有针对性地制定相关政策，不断提高农村客运服务的供给效率和满意度.

Significant Factors on Service Satisfaction of Rural Passenger Transport in China

To compare the influence degree of different influence factors on the satisfaction degree of rural passenger transport service, a case-comparative study between Changping District, Beijing and Qiannan State, Guizhou Province is conducted. Various characteristics and events, including educational level, ride frequency, trip purpose, waiting time, walking distance and ticket price, are evaluated as influencing factors for service satisfaction of rural passenger transport in China. To identify the significant factors, a multilevel mixed-effect ordered Logistic model for matched data is established. The results show that: the factor plays a different role in region with stage of various social economic development level; The influence of service accessibility on rural passenger service satisfaction is greater than that of service economy; The influence factors of supply side are more influential on rural passenger service satisfaction than those on demand side; Passenger heterogeneity affected rural passenger service satisfaction indirectly. Further, to improve the efficiency on supple side of rural passenger transport service, this paper discusses the targeted policy from the perspectives of network planning, government investment and operation.