基于运行工况的旅游城镇小客车排放测算

获取车辆的实际运行工况，是准确进行污染物排放测算的关键工作.以韶山为例，通过调查本地驾驶员和外地驾驶员在不同道路类型上驾驶小客车行驶的逐秒GPS数据，统计分析相应的运行工况分布并导入MOVES模型，采用先按类分解再聚类合计的方法测算污染物排放因子，据此评估交通管理与控制策略对污染物排放的影响.研究发现，采用MOVES默认的运行工况分布，得出的排放结果将会产生较大误差；相对于外地驾驶员，韶山本地驾驶员平均车速更高，车辆比功率分布更离散，运行工况的差别使得本地驾驶员的污染物排放因子在所有道路类型上全部高于外地驾驶员，景区道路上高出更多；韶山实施游客换乘方案后， 2016年8月各污染物总减排比例为73%~78%.

Estimation of Automobile Emissions in Tourism Oriented Towns Based on Operating Modes Investigations

It is critical to prepare the actual operating mode for accurate emission estimation. The study is based in Shaoshan, China, where second by second GPS trajectory data of automobiles, driven by local drivers or tourists, is collected on different road types. The operating mode distributions are obtained and input into MOVES, and a procedure, which divide the automobile activity first and then integrate them, is applied to figure out the emission rate, which is then used to evaluate the emission reductions by traffic control and management measures. The major findings are as follows. There will be much error in emission result by using the default operating mode distribution in MOVES. Automobiles driven by local drivers are featured with higher average speed and more widely dispersed VSP distributions when compared to those by the tourists. The differences in operating modes lead to a higher emission rate of local drivers on all road types when compared to the tourists, especially on roads of scenic areas. It is discovered that about 73%~78% of emissions are reduced in August 2016 due to the implementation of the tourists transfer project in Shaoshan.