城市家庭日常活动—出行交互制约机制研究

家庭内部的交互制约机制是解读个体活动—出行决策行为的重要视角.本文关注城市家庭多个成员间活动出行的互动关系,引入时间地理学制约观,认为家庭活动决策是"多人、多活动"交互制约下的决策行为,提出个人"活动制约度"和家庭"活动制约位"概念来描述家庭活动决策,并基于出行日志构建结构方程模型,侧重分析家庭成员间活动出行互动机理.结果表明,成员间的交互制约不仅影响个体活动出行选择,还会在个体之间相互传递并扩散到家庭活动模式上.家庭内部通过替代、互助等协作形式动态地平衡成员间的制约程度,最终确定出总体制约度最小的家庭活动出行模式.

The Mechanism on Activity-travel Interaction of Urban Household

Study on the interaction in one family is an important perspective in the interpretation for individual activity- travel decision. Usually, people's activity- travel pattern is not a simple output of individual choice behavior and often influenced by surrounding environment, resources, and/or decisions of other people’s activity-travel. In fact, every person plays a fixed role in their family and he/she will make the travel decisions considering the needs of family members. So this paper aims to concern the interactions that born in the multi- activity or multi- person of the urban unclear families and proposes the new concepts of “activity restrict degree”and“activity constraint niches”to quantify the degree of space-time constraint under the view of time geography. A structural equation model is used to analysis the intra-household interactions though people’s activity-travel pattern in workdays. The result indicates that the linkage between family members is the behavioral responses while compared the constraints between individual and other family members. The household interaction constraints not only influence the selection of individual travel, but also reflect in the delivery of household activity model among the different people. Furthermore, the essence of interactions is a reasonable adjustment by household company or mutual aids and then to find out a more efficient pattern to meet the demand of household activities.