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为了提高支路的利用率以缓解城市主干道的拥堵，本文从道路负荷与公平性的角度出发，确定单向交通组织优化方法. 建立了以路段饱和度超限量和车辆绕行系数最小化为目标的双层规划模型，其中上层模型通过优化支路的单向方案以使目标值最小，下层模型按照用户均衡分配准则进行配流. 进而设计了求解模型的模拟退火算法，在算法每一步迭代时，从当前达到一定拥堵程度的支路路段集中选择其一调整单向组织方案. 算例结果表明，单向交通组织可以降低路段饱和度超限量，缓解干道路段的拥堵，但随着绕行系数比重的增大，路段饱和度超限量的优化能力逐渐减弱.

One-Way Traffic Organization Based on Traffic Load and Road Equity

To improve the utilization of branch roads and alleviate traffic congestion on arterial roads, the optimization approach of one-way traffic organization is proposed from the view of traffic load and road equity. The bi-level programming model is established with the objectives of the portion that road saturation exceeds anticipant saturation and vehicle detour index. The upper model is to obtain the minimum value of objectives by optimizing one-way traffic, and the lower one adopts the equilibrium model to distribute traffic flow. Then, the simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the bi-level model. At each iteration step, one of branch road sections with high load is selected for lane reversal. The numerical result shows that one-way traffic organization can reduce the over-saturation portion of road section, however, with the increase of detour index proportion, the potential of reduced degree decreases gradually.