面向多目标站的灵活型公交路径优化调度模型

在已知乘客需求量、车辆载客容量和站点间行程时间的条件下，将车辆的运行时间和乘客出行时间最小化作为目标，构建面向多目标站的灵活型公交路径优化调度模型. 该模型采用引力模型进行车辆路径初始化，采用启发式算法对车辆路径进行最优化求解. 根据仿真案例结果发现，在乘客需求分布存在较大差异和不确定性时，模型仍能满足所有乘客需求，且车辆总行程耗时较为稳定，系统进行路径优化计算耗时较小，验证了模型及算法的实用性. 研究结果表明，面向多目标站的灵活型公交路径优化调度模型能够最大程度满足乘客需求，并在企业成本、乘客时间成本与需求响应方面达到最大平衡，在实际交通中具有重要意义.

Flexible Bus Route Optimization Scheduling Model for Multi-target Stations

Based on the known demand of passengers, vehicles capacity and travel time between stations, a flexible bus route optimization scheduling model for multi-target stations is proposed, whose target is minimizing the sum of the vehicle running time and the passenger travel time. The gravity model is utilized for vehicle routing initialization, and the heuristic algorithm is applied for the vehicle routing optimization. According to the results of simulation cases, when there are large differences and uncertainties in the distribution of passenger demand, the demand of all passengers can still be satisfied, and the total travel time of bus is relatively stable, and the path optimization calculation of the system takes less time, which verify the practicability of the model and the algorithm. The research results show that the flexible bus route optimization scheduling model for multi-objective stations can meet the passenger demand to the greatest extent and achieve the maximum balance between enterprise cost, passenger time cost and demand response, which is of great significance in the actual traffic.