基于客流量和车公里的城市公共交通混合财政补贴优化模型

应用经济学中的资源配置问题，将公共交通运营收入的财政补贴和公共交通车辆改造的财政补贴看作两种资源，并将其分别分配到道路交通和轨道交通中.根据城市公共交通的两种主要补贴方法按客流量和车公里计算，以政府的财政补贴资源和公共交通企业的利润目标构建城市公共交通财政补贴的线性规划模型.依据线性规划的对偶理论推算城市公共交通财政补贴的影子价格；对这两种补贴方法下影子价格的差异对比，提出城市公共交通混合财政补贴模式.最后，以重庆市的公共交通为例验证模型的可行性.研究表明，重庆市的轨道交通按客流量，公交按车公里进行财政补贴更为经济，即混合补贴模式更有利于财政补贴资源得到合理分配.

Optimization of Mixed Financial Subsidy for Urban Public Transport Based on Passenger Volume and Vehicle Kilometer

Applying the problem of resource allocation in economics, this paper regards the financial subsidy of public transport operation income and the financial subsidy of public transport vehicle transformation as two kinds of resources, and allocates them to road traffic and rail transit separately. According to the two main subsidy methods of urban public transport, the paper calculates the passenger flow and vehicle kilometer, based on the government's financial subsidy resources and the profit target of public transport enterprises, this paper constructs a linear programming model of urban public transport financial subsidy; calculates the shadow price of urban public transport financial subsidy according to the dual theory of linear programming; compares the difference of shadow price under the two subsidy methods, and puts forward a mixed financial subsidy model of urban public transport. Finally, the feasibility of the model is validated by taking Chongqing's public transport as an example. The study shows that it is more economical for Chongqing's rail transit is subsidized by passenger flow and bus is subsidized by vehicle kilometers. That is to say, the mixed subsidy model is more conducive to the rational allocation of financial subsidies resources.