城市公交线网的一票制差异化票价策略优化

针对城市公交系统客流空间分布和线网运力配置不均衡问题，提出公交线路间差异化定价策略，通过价格杠杆调节客流需求分布. 针对我国普遍采用的一票制模式，在分析乘客广义出行费用的基础上，利用基于Logit 的线路间客流分配方法，并以总社会成本最低为目标，以满足输送能力和收费额度等为约束，建立了固定需求下的城市公交线网的差异化票价策略优化模型. 根据模型特点，设计了基于模拟退火算法的模型求解方法，综合优化各线路的票价水平和发车频率. 最后，将提出的模型和算法应用到典型公交线网上，算例结果表明，优化方法在较低的收费额度下即可实现较为明显的网络改善效果.

Optimization Method for Differentiated Pricing Strategy of Flat Fare in Urban Bus Transit Network

According to the imbalanced spatial distribution of passengers and capacity allocation in urban bus transit network, a differentiated pricing strategy between bus lines is proposed. The strategy adjusts the distribution of passengers by fare level. In view of the flat fare widely adopted in China, and on the basis of analyzing general travel costs of passengers, the improved multinomial Logit model was adopted. Further, an optimization model was proposed to describe the differentiated pricing strategy with fixed demand of urban bus transit network, in which the minimum total social costs was regarded as optimization objective, the carrying capacity and the charge limit were considered. Taking the characteristics of model into account, an optimal algorithm based on the simulated annealing algorithm was designed to synthetically optimize fare level and departure frequency of each bus line. Finally, the application of a typical bus transit network shows that an obvious improvement can be achieved with a low charge.