考虑手机召车软件的城市出租车网络均衡研究

为了衡量手机召车软件对出租车市场的影响，本文研究了私家车、常规公交、 出租车相互作用的城市路网中出租车的网络均衡问题.将出租车分为使用手机召车软件 的网约车及不使用手机召车软件的巡游车，分析这两种模式在乘客等待时间与空驶出租 车选择概率差异的基础上，量化各交通方式的出行费用.在Wardrop 均衡情况下采用等价 的变分不等式来描述组合网络均衡模型，设计了相应的启发式算法.算例结果表明，手机 召车软件能有效刺激出租车乘客需求，但随着出租车规模增大，网约车所占比例降低并 趋于稳定，其时间空驶率略低于巡游式出租车，手机召车软件对出租车市场的边际效益 递减.

Equilibrium Model of Urban Taxi Service Network with the Influence of Taxi-hailing Applications

In order to reflect the effect of taxi-hailing applications on taxi market, this paper proposes an equilibrium model of urban taxi service network with the mutual influences of private cars, buses and taxis. All taxis are divided into two modes: one is the dispatch service mode that utilizing the taxi- hailing applications for the communication between passengers and taxi drivers, and the other is the cruise service mode taxi whose passengers didn’t use it. Then, the differences of two modes in passengers’waiting time and the selection probability of vacancy taxi are quantized. Based on Wardrop’s principle, a variational inequality model can be equivalent to taxi equilibrium model and the heuristic algorithm is build. The results of numerical example indicate that taxi-hailing apps make a great contribution to needs, but the proportion of dispatch service mode taxi is decreased when the taxi scale increased. Furthermore，taxi vacancy ratio of dispatch service mode taxi is lower than the other. The results confirm the marginal benefit of taxi- hailing applications is limited when taxi scale is adequate.