面向多用户类的拥堵和排放收费方案研究

研究表明在城市交通运行管理中，通常难以实现同时缓解交通拥堵和减少排放的目标.实施道路拥堵收费方案可以有效地管理用户的出行需求，从而减缓交通拥堵，但未必能减少尾气总排放.本文面向多用户类，分别包括不同时间价值的用户(多时间价值用户)和不同车型的用户(多车型用户)，通过建立同时考虑拥堵和排放的双目标优化模型，证明多用户类无论基于时间成本准则或者费用成本准则选择路径，都存在一种有效的道路收费方案使帕累托有效流达到用户均衡的状态，实现同时减缓交通拥堵和降低排放的目标.

Road Pricing of Traffic Congestion and Emission for Multi-class Users

Researches showed that it was difficult to achieve objectives of reducing congestion and emission simultaneously. Road congestion pricing can manage the traffic demand efficiently, and thus reduce congestion, but it may not decrease vehicular emissions. The objectives of this study are multi-class users: users with different value of time (multi-VOT users) and users with different vehicle types (multi-vehicle users). By establishing the biobjective optimization model considering congestion and emissions simultaneously, it is proved that the Paretoefficient link flow can be decentralized as multi-class user equilibrium flow pattern by an effective road pricing scheme, whatever time cost criterion or monetary cost is used to choose the route, and thus the congestion and emissions can be reduced simultaneously.