基于客流量的城市公共交通运营财政补贴分配优化研究

目前我国大多数城市对公共交通企业亏损都是采用政府和企业协商确定政策性亏损补贴的方法,但这种方法不仅没有提高公交企业的运营效率,而且也没有减轻政府财政补贴的负担.本文分析道路交通和轨道交通的客流量,将轨道交通的趋势客流和道路交通向轨道交通的转移客流的总和作为道路交通企业需要对轨道交通企业进行补贴分配的客流量;应用经济学中的资源配置问题,将公共交通运营收入的财政补贴和公共交通车辆改造的财政补贴看作两种资源,并将其分别分配到道路交通和轨道交通中;以客流量为约束条件,并根据线性规划的对偶理论推算城市公共交通运营财政补贴的影子价格;再联合分配客流量构建城市公共交通运营财政补贴的分配优化模型;最后以重庆市的公共交通为例,验证模型的可行性.

Optimization of Urban Public Transport Operation Financial Subsidy Allocation Based on the Traffic Flow

At present, most cities in China adopt the methods of government and enterprises to negotiate and determine the policy subsidy to deal with the loss of public transport enterprises, but this method not only did not improve the operational efficiency of public transport enterprises, but also did not reduce the burden of government financial subsidies. Based on this situation, this paper takes the sum of the trend passenger flow of rail transport and the transfer passenger flow of road traffic to rail transit as the allocation of passenger flow which road transportation enterprises need to subsidize rail transport enterprises, by analyzing the passenger flow of road traffic and rail traffic. Using the resource allocation problem in economics, financial subsidies for public transport operators and financial subsidies for the transformation of public transport vehicles are regarded as two types of resources，and assigning it to the road traffic and the track traffic. Then with the traffic flow as constraint conditions, and according to the duality theory of linear programming, the shadow price of urban public transport operators financial subsidies is calculated; And jointing the allocation of passenger flow to build distribution of financial subsidies for urban public transport operation. Finally, taking the public transport in Chongqing as an example, the feasibility of the model is verified.