基于航空器自主运行的空中交通复杂性建模

针对航空器自主运行模式的空中交通运行态势评估问题，本文重构了基于分布式空中交通管理系统的空中交通复杂性评价方法，并仿真验证了该方法在航空器冲突探测和自主航迹规划中的应用。首先，基于自由航路空域和航空器自主运行模式定义了空中交通复杂性，在通过三维空域栅格模型量化航空器时空位置的基础上，构建复杂度计算模型以反映航空器位置、航向、 航速对空域各栅格的实时复杂性影响；其次，基于实际管制扇区(ZSSSAR01)及高度层，分别模拟自由航路与固定航路运行模式，对比两者空中交通复杂度时空分布差异；并结合自由航路运行模式，在空中交通复杂性与航空器冲突指标(冲突率、冲突比例)相关性分析的基础上，研究空域复杂度阈值确定方法；最后，初步探究基于空域复杂度阈值进行航空器自主航迹调整的方法，评估其运行效果。仿真实验结果表明：自由航路运行模式相对固定航路运行模式可显著降低空域最大复杂度值(平均降幅119%)；模型计算得到，空中交通复杂度与空域中航空器冲突指标有强相关性 (相关系数大于0.90)；基于复杂度和复杂度阈值的航迹调整策略具备一定可行性。

Air Traffic Complexity Model Based on Aircraft Self-separation Operation

This paper focuses on the air traffic situation assessment under aircraft self-separation operation mode. The air traffic complexity assessment method is proposed based on distributed air traffic management (ATM) system, and the application is simulated in aircraft conflict detection and autonomous flight path planning. First, the complexity of air traffic was defined based on the free route airspace and the autonomous operation mode of aircraft. Based on quantizing the space-time position of aircraft through three-dimensional airspace grid model, the complexity calculation model is developed to reflect the real-time complexity influence of aircraft position, course and speed on each grid of airspace. Then, based on the actual sector structure (ZSSSAR01) and flight level, the free route and the fixed route were simulated to compare the difference of thel space-time distribution of air traffic complexity. The study also investigates the correlation between air traffic complexity and aircraft conflict index (i.e. conflict rate and conflict ratio) and determines the airspace complexity threshold based on the free route airspace operation mode. At last, this paper preliminarily explores the aircraft autonomous flight path adjustment method based on airspace complexity threshold and evaluates the operational effect. The result show that the maximum complexity of airspace can be significantly reduced by free route airspace operation mode (average decrease is 119% ). There is a strong correlation between air traffic complexity calculated by the model and aircraft conflict index in airspace (correlation coefficient greater than 0.90). The path adjustment strategy based on complexity and complexity threshold is applicable to some extent.