2000-2018年全国民航网络结构特征及演化

航空网络在实现区域互联互通，加强社会经济体发展与合作中起着重要作用。基于网络分析方法，采用2000-2018年航班数据，探索研究全国民航网络结构特征及其变化规律。结果表明：网络密度表现出先降低后升高的趋势，具有异速增长特征，航班密度则先升高后降低。网络具有小世界特征，特征路径长度和集聚系数分别呈下降态势和倒“U”型变化。节点度和邻近中心性均值增加，城市直接连通性和全局可达性显著提高。不同中心性指标之间具有较高相关性，度与邻近中心性相关性最高，但随时间变化不明显；度与中介中心性、中介中心性与邻近中心性的相关性较低，整体呈上升趋势。航班分布空间分异特征明显，东部地区城市间航班联系数量占比最高，但呈下降趋势；东-中、东-西部地区城市间航班联系数量占比提升，民航网络的发展重心呈现向西偏移趋势。

Structural Evolution of China's Air Transport Network Across 2000—2018

Air transport network plays an important role in connecting regions and facilitating the development of the social economy. China has the second- biggest aviation transport scale in the world, which brings time- space compression and accelerates socio-economic development steadily. By utilizing social network methods, this paper investigates the structural characteristics and evolution of China's air transport network (CATN) from 2000 to 2018 based on the flight schedule data. Firstly, CATN presents an allometric growth pattern. Network density decreases firstly and then increases, while flight density presents an inverse pattern. CANT has been characterized by small-world properties. The characteristic path length is reduced from 2.115 to 1.965, indicating an enhancement of accessibility, while the clustering coefficient shows an inverse“U”change pattern. Secondly, both the average degree and closeness of cities increase, implying an improvement of connectivity and global accessibility. Degree and closeness have the biggest correlation among different centrality measures, but the correlation coefficient has no obvious fluctuation over time. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between betweenness and degree and the correlation coefficient between betweenness and closeness both tend to increase. Finally, the spatial distributions of flights are extremely uneven and heterogeneous. Flights between cities in the eastern region have the highest proportion, but it shows a downward trend. The eastern region has the highest proportion of inter-city flight connections but presents a descending trend. Meanwhile, the proportions of flights between cities in the east- central and east- western regions are increased. The development center of CATN is shifting westward.