点汇聚系统的航空器污染物减排效应与机理

为研究点汇聚系统的环境效益及减排机理，采用考虑气象条件修正后的航空器性能、燃油 流量及污染物计算模型，设计了理想条件下非高峰时刻与实际运行的高峰时刻两种场景，对比分 析了航空器在点汇聚系统与标准进场程序中污染物(即HC、CO、NOX、SOX和PM)的排放情况，并 从飞行时间、燃油消耗与排放指数3个方面分析了点汇聚系统的减排机理、识别了减排关键因素。 研究发现：在非高峰时刻，点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为5.79 kg与7.17 kg， 点汇聚系统较标准进场程序共减少约19.25%污染物排放，对NOX、SOX和PM减排效果显著；在高 峰时刻，点汇聚系统与标准进场程序的污染物排放总量分别为290.01 kg与406.69 kg，点汇聚系 统较标准进场程序共减少28.69%污染物排放，其中NOX减排比例最高可达48.32%。结果表明： 无论是非高峰时刻还是高峰时刻，点汇聚系统都具有良好的环境效益，可有效减少污染物的排放 总量，且对NOX减排效果最佳；较短的飞行时间、较低的燃油流量是点汇聚系统体现减排优势的 关键驱动因素。

Reduction Benefits and Mechanism of Pollutant Emissions from Civil Aircraft Based on Point Merge System

To investigate the environmental benefits and pollutant emission reduction mechanism of the point merge system, this study introduced the models of aircraft performance, fuel flow, and pollutant emission calculation under two different operational conditions for off-peak and peak time, and compared the five pollutants (i.e., HC, CO, NOX, SOX, and PM) of the civil aircraft between the point merge system (PMS) and the standard instrument approach procedure (STAR). The pollutant emissions and their reduction mechanism of PMS were also analyzed from three different views of flight time, fuel consumption, and pollutant emission indices. The study found that: for the off-peak condition, the total pollutant emissions of the PMS and STAR were 5.79 kg and 7.17 kg, respectively; the PMS can reduce about 19.25% of total pollutant emissions than STAR, and the emission reduction of NOX, SOX and PM was significant; for the peak condition, the total pollutant emissions of the PMS and STAR were 290.01 kg and 406.69 kg, respectively; the PMS can reduce about 28.69% of total pollutant emissions than STAR, and the NOX emission reduction ratio can reach as high as 48.32%. The results show that the PMS has positive environmental benefits and can effectively reduce the total pollutant emissions; especially for NOX emission reduction; shorter flight time and lower fuel-flow rate are the key driving factors for the pollutant emission reduction of the PMS.