新一代航运系统体系架构与关键技术研究

文章综述了近年来国内外绿色智能航运领域的研究进展和工程实践现状，包括业界在载 运装备、基础设施、运营服务等方面的最新研究成果和绿色化、智能化技术应用情况，总结了当前 发展中存在的问题和技术瓶颈。面向未来水路运输发展的需求和挑战，提出新一代航运系统的 定义及其绿色化、智能化、韧性化的特征；通过梳理分析新一代航运系统的基本内涵，设计了系统 的体系架构，运用信息物理系统的方法理论，将层级结构划分为：要素单元级、功能系统级及架构 集成级；阐述了系统的核心组分：绿色智能船舶、数字生态设施、可靠岸基支持和韧性运营服务， 给出系统的整体框架。在梳理分析系统基本服务和功能逻辑的基础上，阐述该系统物理“船-港- 货”、信息“人-机-环”的运行模式，明确了运输船舶组织运营“岸基驾控为主，船端值守为辅”的航 运新业态，凝练了航运系统规划设计技术、绿色智能航运装备技术、数字生态航道建养技术、船舶 运行智能控制技术、交通运营组织技术、水上应急救援技术，及测试验证评估技术等关键技术；通 过构建数字化的创新技术体系，能够支撑“人-船-岸-云”的高度协同，实现信息互联、系统共建和 体系性创新，促进航运科技高质量发展。提出水路运输未来的变革性方向，研究成果可以有效指 导新一代航运系统的规划设计与建设应用，为自立自强的水路运输技术研究和标准体系构建提 供有力支撑。

Architecture and Key Technologies for New Generation of Waterborne Transportation System

This article reviews the research progress and engineering practice in green and intelligent waterborne transportation in recent years, including the latest research results in transportation equipment, infrastructure, and operation services, along with the application of green and intelligent technology. The existing problems and technical bottlenecks in current developments are analyzed. Facing the future development needs and challenges, this study proposes the definition of the new generation of waterborne transportation system, which is featured as green, intelligent, and resilient. Through analyzing the basic connotation of the new generation of waterborne transportation system, the study also summarizes the architecture of the waterborne system. On the basis of the cyber-physical system theory, the hierarchical structure is divided into elemental unit level, functional system level, and architecture system level. The core components of the system are green intelligent ships, digital ecological infrastructures, reliable shorebased support facilities, and resilient operation services within an integral framework. With the analysis of basic servicetopology and logic of the system, the“ship-port-cargo”and“man-system-environment”modes are analyzed from the physical and information aspects. The future transport organizational operation paradigm of ships is described as “shore-based control”, supplemented by“ship-based monitoring and watch-keeping”. The new pattern of waterborne transportation has been clearly defined with key technologies as the planning programming of systems, green intelligent waterborne transportation equipment, digital ecological infrastructures, construction and conservation techniques, intelligent control of ships, transport operation and organization, waterborne emergency rescue, and system testing and verification. The study proposes a transformative direction of waterborne transportation in the future, which provides effective support for the high cooperation among, humans in the loop, ship- based systems, shore- based stations, and cloud servers, which realizes the information interconnection, system co-construction, and systematic innovation and promotes a high-quality development of waterborne transportation. The research results can effectively guide the planning, design, construction, and application of the new generation of the waterborne transportation system, supporting the independent development and standardization of future waterway transportation.