考虑铁路折扣的集装箱公路与多式联运博弈定价

针对考虑铁路运输规模折扣的集装箱公路直运与经陆港公铁联运的均衡定价问题，选用包含经济成本、时间成本和碳排放成本的集装箱公路直运与公-铁联运广义费用函数，构建上层以承运人利润最大化，下层以托运人广义费用最小化为目标的双层规划模型，结合算例采用基于灵敏度的启发式算法求解，并对托运人效用敏感权重系数进行敏感度分析，验证模型有效性。研究发现：公路和多式联运的价格博弈会促使双方运价下降；铁路运输规模折扣可以使多式联运通过降低运价提高货运分担率和利润，减少广义运输费用和碳排放；20%的铁路运输折扣可以使多式联运分担率从 29.44%增长至 45.37%，利润增加 14.20%，使所有集装箱运输广义费用下降 2.71%，碳排放减少16.70%；铁路直达海港可以使经陆港多式联运的货物分担率上升13.82%，利润上升33.27%，使所有集装箱运输广义费用下降4.24%，碳排放减少14.16%；托运人运输服务偏好会影响陆港的定价策略。

Game Pricing of Container Road and Multimodal Transport Considering Railway Discount

Considering the economic cost, time cost, and carbon emission, this paper uses the generalized cost function with road transport and combined road-rail transport for the analysis. The bi-level programming model is developed with the upper layer maximizing the carrier's profits and the lower layer minimizing generalized costs. The equilibrium price of containers transported by road and by combined road-rail through a dry port is analyzed in consideration of the discount scale of railway transportation. A sensitivity-based heuristic algorithm is used, and the sensitivity of shipper's utility sensitive weight coefficient is analyzed. The results show that the price game between road and multimodal transport reduces freight rates for both parties. The railway transport discount scale allows multimodal transport to increase freight sharing rate through freight rate reduction, thus the multimodal transport profit will be increased, both the generalized transport cost and the carbon emission will be reduced. A 20% railway transportation discount increases the freight sharing rate of multimodal transportation from 29.44% to 45.37% , increases profits by 14.20% , reduces generalized costs of all container transportation by 2.71%, and reduces carbon emissions by 16.70%. The study also found that direct rail access to seaports through dry ports increases multimodal transport's freight sharing rate by 13.82%, increases profits by 33.27%, reduces generalized cost of all container transportation by 4.24%, and reduces carbon emissions by 14.16%. The shipper's transportation service preference will affect the dry port's pricing strategy.