内河航运系统监管技术现状与展望

数字化、自动化及智能化监管技术是保障内河航运系统安全、高效及绿色运行的关键。从态势感知、事件监视及组织优化这3方面阐述内河航运系统监管技术研究现状，总结技术发展沿革与趋势，分析监管技术存在的不足。研究表明：内河航运监管态势感知研究伴随先进信息感知技术发展做适应性进步，从利用海事雷达技术捕捉船舶物理表象特征，逐步结合数据挖掘方法融合多源信息向多船态势感知和智能感知方向发展；事件监视研究起初受限于传感器设备感知水平不足而主要面向事件后分析，结合先进传感器技术和智能技术，逐渐向事件中检测和事件前预测方向发展；组织优化研究主要包括船舶运行空间优化方案和时间优化方案的制定，未来组织优化模型需考虑航道突发事件的影响，有利于推进组织运行方案的实际应用，更好地服务于海事监管需求。提炼内河航运系统多模式一体化融合感知网、全息场景图及智能管控系统构建的关键技术，面向未来新一代航运系统，探索内河航运平行监管模式，阐述内河要素物理及耦合关系平行建模和平行数据集建立与信息挖掘、平行监管及交互可视化等方面建设的核心内容，旨在采用基于数字孪生技术的虚实闭环交互机制实现内河航运系统的高效运行，为内河航运系统监管技术的研究与发展提出了创新方向。

Review and Prospect on System Operation Supervision Technology of Inland River Navigation System

Digital, automatic, and intelligent supervision is the key technology to ensure the safe, efficient, and green operation of the inland river navigation system. We elaborate on the research status of inland river navigation technology in three aspects, i.e., situational awareness, event monitoring, and organizational optimization. The evolution and trend of technology development are summarized, and the deficiencies of supervision technology are analyzed. The research on the situation awareness of inland river shipping supervision makes adaptive progress with the development of advanced information perception technology, which capture ship physical appearance features using maritime radar technology and intelligent and now focus on multi-ship situation awareness combining multisource information and data mining method. As for event monitoring, it is mainly oriented to post-event analysis due to the lack of sensor equipment perception level, and it gradually develops towards in-event detection and pre-event prediction. The research on organizational optimization mainly includes space and time optimization of ship operation.In the future, the organizational optimization model should consider the impact of channel emergencies, which can promote the practical application of organizational operation and serve maritime affairs supervision better. We extract the corresponding key technologies in three aspects, i.e., construction of multi-mode integration and fusion perception network of inland waterway navigation system, holographic scene map, and intelligent control system. Oriented to the next generation of navigation systems, we propose a novel inland waterway transport management and control framework, named parallel control system. We summarize the key contents of system construction, i.e., physical modeling and dynamic coupling relationship modeling of inland river elements, parallel data set building and information mining, parallel supervision, and interactive visualization. We aim to use closed-loop interaction mechanisms between virtual and real transport systems based on digital twin technology to realize the efficient operation of the inland river navigation system. This paper puts forward the innovative direction for the research and development of operation supervision of the inland river navigation system.