基于位移剩余的最优货物运输服务分析

基于需求主导原则，突出强调位移需求本身具有的独立价值，本文以位移价值与位移成本之差衡量货运需求主体的位移剩余。以位移剩余最大化为准则揭示货运需求主体选择运输服务方式的机理，并作为最优运输服务的标准。在位移价值测度方面，将货运需求按照时效性分为3类，基于需求主体的预期利益构建相应位移价值函数。在位移成本测度方面，通过对运输价格、运输时间、可靠性、便捷性及安全性等运输服务品质要素的量化，建立位移全过程的成本函数。联立位移价值与位移成本函数，以运输服务品质要素作为核心变量，构建基于位移剩余的最优运输服务分析模型。设置仿真算例，求取不同需求主体的位移剩余曲线，分析相对应的最优运输服务方式。结果显示：模型可基于异质性的位移需求有效分析最优运输服务，并可分析潜在运输需求转化为有效需求的条件，为企业及政府制定运输供给优化策略提供理论基础。

Optimal Freight Service Analysis Based on Movement Surplus

In the demand-driven principle, the independent value of freight demand is emphasized, the difference between movement value and movement cost is taken as the movement surplus of freight demander. The mechanism of freight demander's choice of freight service mode is revealed by maximizing the movement surplus, and it is used as the criterion for optimal fright service. To measure the movement value, the study classifies the freight demand into three categories based on timeliness and establishes the movement value functions based on the expected benefits of the demander. To measure the movement cost, the study defines the cost function of the whole process of movement by integrating quality elements of freight services such as transportation price, time, reliability, convenience, and safety. The movement value and cost functions are then connected, and the optimal freight service analysis model based on the movement surplus is developed with the quality elements of freight service as the core variables. The simulation study was performed to obtain the movement surplus curves of different demanders and also to identify the optimal freight service mode. The results show that the model can effectively analyze optimal freight services based on heterogeneous demand and can be applied to the conditions that potential demand is transformed into effective demand. The study provides a theoretical basis for enterprises and governments to determine transportation supply optimization strategies.