从城镇化视角看中国高速铁路发展

截至2013 年年底，中国高速铁路营运里程已经超过1 万km，为中国的社会经济 发展起到重要的促进作用.而城镇化过程是现代化的必由之路，中国城镇化以城市群发展 为依托，并通过干线运输通道连通，需要高速铁路这种大运量的公共交通进行支撑.发达 国家由于其快速城镇化所处的运输阶段不同，选择的交通运输支撑方式也有所不同，但 是大运量公共交通目前成为重要的选择方向，轨道交通尤其是高速铁路比较受到青睐.高 速铁路作为铁路全新技术进步成果，突破了陆上交通的运输速度，丰富了城镇化条件下 旅客交通运输需求选择范围.高速铁路凭借其技术经济特性，契合城镇化对交通运输系统 的要求：输送能力大，可以联系城市经济带；高速铁路网络增益契合城镇化过程的发展要 求；高速铁路能源利用模式相对友好特性符合城镇化的资源和环保要求；高速铁路的社 会经济效益可以促进城镇化的发展.

China’s High-speed Rail Development Viewing from the Perspective of Urbanization

Till the end of 2013, China’s high-speed rail operation mileage has exceeded 10,000 kilometers, which played a crucial role in China’s social and economic development. And the urbanization process is a necessary road for modernization. China’s urbanization depends on the expansion of city groups, the broad connection of transportation channel, and the advances of public transport with large capacity such as highspeed railways. As developed countries experienced different urbanization process, they adopted distinct transportation mode. Nevertheless, public transport with large capacity has become a critical future direction, and rail transport particularly high-speed rail received high attention. As an important technological achievement, the high-speed rail have greatly increased the speed of surface transportation mode, enriched the passenger transportation demand choice range. The technical and economic characteristics of high- speed rail meets the demand of urbanization for transportation system: large transport capacity that could contact city economic zones; high-speed rail network that could fit the development demand of urbanized process; the environmental- friendly feature whose energy use pattern is in accordance with the demand of recourse and environmental protection for urbanization; the social economic benefits that could promote the development of urbanization.