城市道路过江通道收费策略优化研究

城市过江通道BOT收费策略涉及特许期年限、特许期内的交通需求、交通需求的时段差异和计划收费总额.综合考虑这些因素，在收费单价等于基本收费单价与拥挤收费之和的结构下，建立了优化收费策略的一主多从双层规划模型，每一个下层规划为给定基本收费单价条件下一个小时的弹性需求用户均衡模型；上层规划谋求消费者剩余最大化，它受到收费总额达到计划收费总额的约束.该模型将拥挤收费纳入到BOT收费，实现了收费单价的时空差异化.算例分析表明，随着基本收费单价的增长，收费总额呈现出先上升后下降再趋于0 的形态，消费者剩余单调下降.收费总额达到计划收费总额的基本收费单价构成一个连续区间.

Optimization of Urban River-crossing Traffic Charging Scheme

Urban river-crossing traffic charging scheme of BOT contains several factors, which include franchise period, time-vary traffic demand and planning charging amount. Based on these crucial factors, pricing scheme is designed as the sum of basic charge fee and congestion taxes, the bi- level mathematical programming is build up with multiple lower- levels. In this mathematical programming, each lower- lever programming, which adopts users'' equilibrium model with elastic traffic demand, represents one identical hour in a day; the upper-level programming maximizes the consumer surplus. In this model, congestion taxes are encapsulated into the river-crossing fee so that the latter could adaptively change with crowding status. Numerical analysis shows that when basic fee increases，the total charging amount will first increase then decrease and approach to zero, and consumer surplus will decrease and approach to zero as well. Such patterns would result in a connected feasible interval of basic fee.