深海及深海热液区环境服役装备与材料多因素耦合腐蚀研究现状与趋势

深海与深空是二十一世纪材料研究的前沿和高地.深海高地由冷高原(全海深)与热高峰组成.“热高峰”即为深海热液区环境(海底高压:15~120 MPa、热液口周围高温:90~400℃)、浓烈的H2S等有害气体、温度变化引起的海底洋流剧烈涌动(海底风暴).该环境服役材料在众多苛刻因素耦合作用下的腐蚀机制研究几近空白,已成为制约我国进军和征服深海所需装备与材料研发的瓶颈.本文综述了国内外深海环境材料腐蚀机理研究的现状,展望了该领域特别是深海热液区环境材料的研发趋势及研究难点;同时指出了大湾区严酷环境材料平台建设的紧迫性及与涉海高校学科建设的关联性.

Research Status and Trends on the Multi-factor Coupling Corrosion Mechanism for Deep Sea and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Area Environmental Service Equipment and Materials

Deep space and deep sea are two highlands for materials research in the 21st century.Deep sea highlands are composed of cold plateaus and hot peaks,we define“hot peaks”as extremely harsh environments in the deep ocean:high pressures of 15~120 MPa,high temperatures(90~400℃)(near hydrothermal regions),strong hydrogen sulfide harmful gases,and submarine currents caused by temperature surges(undersea storms).Coupling damage of thermal peak environment service materials under the interaction of many harsh factors is almost blank.The lack of research on the extremely harsh environmental erosion mechanism has led to a long-term lag in the development of key materials,which has become a constraint bottleneck for China's entry into the deep sea and capture of deep sea highlands.In this paper,the current researches on the corrosion mechanism of deep-sea environment materials in China and abroad are reviewed,and the research and development trend and the difficulties in this field,especially in the deep-sea Hydrothermal Region,are prospected.At the same time,the urgency of the construction of the severe environmental materials research platform in Dawan area,China and its relevance to the disciplines development in ocean universities are pointed out.