超重车模型及多-单车道荷载效应

为获取超重车主要参数特性以及典型超重车模型，计算并对比多车道和单车道上超重车纵横向并行引起的荷载效应，收集了美国加州历时3 a的动态称重（weight-in-motion，WIM）数据，以加州交通厅许可荷载车模型为参照，提取实测超重车数据，分析了超重车辆荷载构成特点，建立了典型超重车辆模型. 分别计算了多、单车道超重车荷载效应，并将两者与现行的中国JTG D60—2015规范和美国AASHTO （American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials）规范进行了对比. 结果表明:多车道叠加荷载效应较单车道以及中美规范值都大得多，单车道荷载效应与规范值相近或略高一点；多-单车道跨中弯矩最大比值为2.05倍，平均比值为1.65倍；剪力最大为2.05倍，平均为1.70倍. 

Overloaded Truck Models and Their Load Effects on Multiple-One Lane for Highway Bridges

To analyze characteristics of typical parameters of overloaded trucks as well as their models, weight-in-motion (WIM) data was collected over three years from California, U.S., and the permit truck issued by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) was selected as a reference to extract overloaded truck data, then, the characteristics and configurations of these overloaded trucks were analyzed to build typical overloaded truck models with mean and standard deviation calculated. In addition, load effects induced by trucks moving on multiple lanes and single lane were calculated respectively, and the two load effects were compared with the specifications issued by the Ministry of Transport of China (JTG D60?2015) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) respectively. The results show, superposed load effects on multiple lanes were significantly greater than those loading on one lane and the codified values in specifications, whereas, the load effects on one lane are close to or a little higher than the specified values. For effect ratios of multiple lanes to one lane, the largest one is 2.05 for both moment and shear, and the average value is 1.65 and 1.70 for the two, respectively.