不同模式低地板车辆动力学及车轮磨耗分析

为降低70%低地板有轨电车的车轮磨耗，分析了刚性轮对与独立旋转车轮的导向机理，建立了拖车采用传统刚性轮对与拖车采用独立旋转车轮的两种车辆模型，计算了两种车辆模型在不同工况下的动力学性能，并根据Archard磨耗模型对比分析了两种模式下的车轮磨耗情况. 计算结果表明:车辆直线运行时，拖车采用刚性轮对的车辆稳定性及横向平稳性较好，车轮磨耗位置居中且磨耗量小于独立旋转车轮；车辆运行于大半径曲线时采用刚性轮对的车辆曲线通过评价指标较好，磨耗量较独立旋转车轮小；随着曲线半径的减小，采用刚性轮对的车辆曲线通过性能迅速恶化而采用独立旋转车轮的车辆各指标变化幅度较小，在半径为100 m及以下的曲线时，采用独立旋转车轮的车辆曲线性能更优且车轮磨耗小于刚性轮对，特别在曲线半径为25 m时，独立旋转车轮磨耗量仅为刚性轮对的60%左右，拖车采用刚性轮对的车辆在直线及大半径曲线时性能较优，拖车采用独立旋转车轮的车辆更适用于小半径曲线. 

Analysis of Dynamics and Wheel Wear of Low Floor Vehicle Based on Different Patterns

In order to reduce wheel wear of 70% low-floor trams, the steering mechanisms of the rigid wheelset and independently rotating wheels were analyzed. Two vehicle models were considered, i.e. those with traditional rigid wheelsets and with independently rotating wheels in the trailer bogies. In addition, the dynamic performances of these models under different conditions were calculated and compared with wheel wear conditions based on the Archard wear model. The results show that when running on a straight line, the vehicle with rigid wheelsets has better stability and lateral comfort, the wear is located in the middle of the tread and the wear is less. On the other hand, when running on a curve with a large radius, the vehicle with the rigid wheelset shows relatively good stability, lateral comfort, and wear condition. However, with decreased curve radius, the curve performance of the vehicle with rigid wheelset deteriorates rapidly, while the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has smaller variations in all indicators. When radius is 100 m or less, the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has better curve performance and less wear. Especially when radius is 25 m, the wear of independently rotating wheels is approximately 60% of the wear of the rigid wheelset. Vehicles with trailers that adopted rigid wheelsets perform well on a straight line and large radius curve, whereas trailers with independently rotating wheels are more suitable for curves with smaller radius.