多孔介质海床对单桩所受波浪力的影响分析

为研究多孔介质海床的波浪衰减作用及单桩所受波浪力的变化规律，采用修正RANS方程和Forchheimer饱和阻力模型控制多孔介质内部流体流动，运用流体体积法追踪自由液面，建立波浪-多孔介质海床-单桩相互作用三维数值分析模型. 首先，基于波浪与多孔介质海床相互作用过程，研究了多孔介质海床对波浪传播的衰减作用；其次，分析了相同波浪条件下多孔介质海床及刚性海床时单桩所受波浪力的数值变化，突出了考虑海床多孔特性的必要性；最后，采用单一变量控制法，进一步研究了单桩所受波浪力数值随海床多孔特性参数的变化规律. 研究结果表明，海床多孔特性对波浪传播具有明显的衰减作用；给定的波浪参数和多孔介质海床条件下，单桩所受波浪力最大值比刚性海床情况提高约35%，若忽略海床多孔特性结构物会因低估波浪力数值而造成安全隐患；另外，结构物所受波浪力与海床孔隙率、颗粒直径、海床厚度及双层海床分布厚度及每层孔隙率密切相关. 其中，波浪力最大值随着海床颗粒直径的增加而递减，随着孔隙率的增大先增加后降低，且孔隙率会影响波浪力随海床厚度变化的趋势. 

Influence of Porous Seabed Characteristics on Wave Forces Acting on Monopile

This study investigated the wave attenuation and wave forces acting on the monopile due to porosity characteristics of the seabed. A three-dimensional numerical analysis model of wave-porous seabed-monopile-interactions is established, in which the modified Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and Forchheimer saturation drag model are used to control porous flow, while the fluid volume method (VOF) is used to track free surface. Based on the proposed model, wave attenuation induced by porous seabed is first studied, taking into consideration the interaction between waves and porous seabed. Second, the numerical variation of the wave forces acting on the monopile under the same wave action with porous seabed or rigid seabed is analysed, highlighting the necessity of considering the porous characteristics of the seabed. Finally, the influence of the seabed porous characteristics on the numerical variation of the wave forces is further studied using the single variable control method. The numerical results show that the porous characteristics of the seabed have obvious attenuation effect on wave propagation. Additionally, under the given wave parameters and the characteristics of the porous seabed, the maximum wave forces acting on the monopile is about 35% higher than that of the rigid seabed. This suggests that ignoring the porous characteristics of seabed will result in an underestimation of the wave forces and could cause security risks. In addition, the wave forces acting on the structure are closely related to the porous characteristics of the seabed. The results show that the maximum wave forces decrease as the particle size increases, while increasing first and then decreasing with an increase of porosity. One thing to note is that porosity affects the variation trend of wave forces acting on monopile changing with seabed thickness.