尼泊尔8.1级地震文化遗产建筑震害调查与分析

针对尼泊尔地震对加德满都谷地的文化遗产建筑造成的巨大破坏, 对谷地内的文化遗产建筑进行了大量的震害调查,按照砖木结构、砖石结构和生土结构分类对典型震害进行了描述,并定义了3类结构的破坏等级分类标准.通过统计分类得到不同结构震害等级所占的比例,并对结构毁损原因进行了研究.结果表明:由于承重墙体分层和重力偏心,且构件之间缺乏有效连接,整体性较差,砖木结构损毁严重;由于质量和刚度均较大,砖石结构的震害较重;由于墙体强度低、延性差,生土结构均遭受严重破坏.最后,根据震害调查及分析结果,结合汶川地震、玉树地震和芦山地震中文化遗产建筑的破坏,对我国文化遗产建筑提出了整体隔震、加强常规修缮和针对性研究等抗震保护建议. 

Investagation and Analysis of Seismic Damage to Cultural Heritage Buildings Induced by Gorkha Earthquake,Nepal

An extensive investigation was made to reveal the damage caused by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake to the cultural heritage buildings in Kathmandu Valley. The typical seismic damages are described by classifications of brick-timber structure, masonry structure and raw-soil structure, and seismic damage levels for the three structure types of cultural heritage buildings are defined. Then, proportions of different damage levels of the three structure types were obtained by statistical classification method and the damage reasons are analyzed. The results show that the brick-timber structures were almost destroyed because of the layered and eccentric compression of load-bearing walls, the lack of connection between components and the poor integrity. The masonry structures with heavy weight and large stiffness are sensitive to the seismic disturbance and weak in the seismic performance. Meanwhile, the raw-soil structures due to the low tensile strength and the poor ductility are vulnerable in the earthquake. Finally, based on the results of the seismic damage investigation and analysis as well as the research results of the Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake and Lushan earthquake, some suggestions on seismic protection of cultural heritage buildings, such as isolating the whole building, strengthening routine repair, and pertinent research, are put forward.