高速动车组弹性车体和设备耦合振动特性

为研究车体和车下设备之间的耦合振动关系，建立了高速动车组的车辆刚柔耦合系统动力学模型；考虑车体弹性模态振动，采用扫频激励法，仿真分析设备质量、刚度、阻尼和安装位置对系统振动的影响；研究了不同参数相互作用下的振动特性.研究结果表明:与设备采用固接方式相比，弹性联接可显著降低车体弹性振动，设备质量越大且越靠近车体中部安装，对抑制弹性振动效用越显著；设备质量小于1.0 t或者距离车体中心6 m以上时，降低弹性振动的效果较小，阻尼比为5%~30%时，效果较好.利用机车车辆滚动振动试验台进行设备悬挂振动特性测试，表明设备采用弹性联接可显著改善高速动车组的乘坐平稳性，运行速度等级越高，效果越显著，最大可改善约15%. 

Coupled Vibration Characteristics of Flexible Car Body and Equipment of EMU

To study the coupled vibration between a flexible car body and its suspended equipment, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) was established taking into account the flexible modes of the car body. The swept frequency excitation method was used to analyze the influence of suspension parameters on the system vibration, such as the equipment mass, suspension frequency, damping, and mounting position. Then, the vibration characteristics of the system were studied under the interplay between various parameters. The results show that the flexible vibration could be reduced significantly by the elastic suspension of equipment compared to the rigid suspension case. The system showed a good vibration absorber performance if the heavy equipment was suspended elastically close to the car body center, while it had a little effect on the flexible vibration reduction if the equipment mass was lower than 1.0 t or more than 6 m apart away from the center. Furthermore, the damping ratio of the elastic suspension should remain in a certain range from 5% to 30%. In addition, a laboratory test was conducted on a vehicle rolling and vibration test rig. The test results show a good agreement with the simulation ones: the elastic suspension can improve the riding comfort obviously, and the effect increases with the running speed increasing, with a maximum reduction of about 15% at a certain speed.