洞口对低矮房屋海啸作用力的影响

为研究门窗及屋面板洞口对低矮房屋海啸作用力影响，在试验水槽中通过溃坝方式模拟海啸涌波，开展不同来流波高时低矮房屋海啸作用力模型试验. 分析了门窗、屋面板开洞率、开洞位置对低矮房屋海啸力的影响机理和影响规律，提出了开洞率、开洞位置影响系数. 研究结果表明:有门窗洞口时，海啸水平作用力最大值发生在波动段，并且最大值发生时刻随开洞率增大而延后，开洞率越大海啸水平力越小；门窗洞口竖向位置越接近海啸涌波高能区域时，海啸作用力最大值越小；屋面板较小的开孔即可释放裹挟空气，降低屋面板底部压力，减小结构似平稳阶段的竖向力，屋面板开孔能导致结构水平海啸力增大约20%，需要引起重视. 

Influence of Opening on Tsunami Force on Low-Rise House

In order to study the influence of openings of door, window and roof on the tsunami force on low-rise houses, physical model experiments were conducted under different wave heights of tsunami bores which were generated by dam-break method. The influence mechanisms and rules of the opening rate and opening position were investigated, based on which, the influence coefficients of the opening rate and position are proposed. Results show that an opening on walls makes the peak value of the horizontal tsunami force occur at the fluctuation stage. The occurrence time is delayed and the peak value of the horizontal tsunami force becomes smaller when the opening rate of the walls increases. Also when the opening is closer to the high-energy zone of tsunami bore, the horizontal tsunami force becomes smaller. The openings on the roof can release the entrapped air, thus reducing the pressure on the roof bottom and finally reducing the positive vertical force in the quasi-stable stage. However, the openings on the roof can increase the horizontal tsunami force on structure by 20%, which should receive attentions.