车钩箱位置误差对重载机车动态性能的影响

为了探明车钩箱中心线相对车底架中心线存在横向偏差及对制动时机车动态性能的影响规律，测量了八轴机车底架几何参数.测试结果发现，车钩箱偏离车底架中心线范围约5~10 mm.根据测量结果，考虑国内重载机车常用的车钩缓冲器装置的结构特点，建立了具有时变弧面接触特性的钩缓动力学模型和由2台八轴机车组成的列车动力学模型.在此基础上分析了不同横向偏差的车钩摆角、车体横向错位以及机车行车安全性.研究结果表明:在厂线试验条件下，若车钩箱偏离中心线距离越大，制动后车钩摆角与车体横向错位增大，行车安全性越差.为保证行车安全性，车钩箱偏离距离应不超过9 mm. 

Effect of Coupler Position Errors on Dynamic Performance of Heavy Haul Locomotive

Several geometric parameters of the locomotive underframes are measured to determine the lateral deviation between the center lines of the car body underframe and the coupler box, and then to reveal the effect of the lateral deviation on the dynamic performance of the heavy haul locomotives under braking conditions. The measurements indicate that the amplitude of the lateral deviation is distributed within the range about 5-10 mm. According to the measured result and the structural features of the coupler/draft gear system which is commonly used in China, a dynamic model for the coupler/draft gear system is established considering the time-varying contact characteristic between the arc surfaces of coupler tail and the front follower. Furthermore, a train dynamic model composed of 2 eight-axes locomotives is established, based on which, the coupler angle, the transverse displacements of car body, and the running safety of the locomotives were calculated under different lateral deviation distances. The results show that under the test conditions in the enterprise, the coupler angle will be larger and the running safety will be deteriorated under braking when the coupler box center lines deviate more from the car body underframe center line. In order to ensure the running safety of train, the deviation distance should be no more than 9 mm.