高速公路隧道曲线路段视线诱导设施有效性试验

分析了高速公路隧道不同半径曲线路段的反光环数目对驾驶人曲率感知能力的影响规律; 针对线形诱导标识和反光环2种典型视线诱导方案, 应用驾驶模拟器进行室内仿真试验, 通过测量驾驶人的弯道错觉程度和反应时间来衡量驾驶人的曲率感知能力, 利用Origin软件分析了试验数据。研究结果表明: 改善前, 驾驶人对半径的高估程度大于35%, 反应时间不小于5.46 s; 采用3个线形诱导标识时, 不同半径下弯道错觉程度和反应时间有小幅度降低, 在半径为400 m的情况下曲率诱导效果较好, 弯道错觉程度为6.12%, 说明线形诱导标识可提高驾驶人的曲率感知能力, 但提升效果不显著; 采用3个可见反光环时, 不同半径下弯道错觉程度均小于5%, 且反应时间较改善前降幅大于37%, 说明3个反光环能有效提高驾驶人的曲率感知能力, 同时将反应时间控制在合理范围; 基于Logistic函数拟合分析发现, 不同半径下驾驶人的弯道错觉程度与反光环数目拟合曲线拐点接近3, 且拐点处弯道错觉程度最低, 同时, 不同半径下反应时间与反光环数目成负相关, 且当反光环数目大于4个时, 反应时间呈现收敛趋势, 说明增加可见反光环数目对降低反应时间作用有限, 因此, 推荐使用3个反光环进行高速公路隧道曲线路段视线诱导。 

Effectiveness experiment of sight induction facilities of curve sections in highway tunnel

The influence of reflective ring number at highway tunnel curve sections with different radii on the driver's curvature perception was analyzed. Aiming at two typical sight induction schemes based on chevron alignment signs and reflective rings, the laboratory simulation experiment was conducted by driving simulator. The driver's curvature perception was measured by testing curve illusion degree and reaction time, and the test data were analyzed by the software of Origin. Analysis result shows that, before the improvement, drivers overestimate the radii by more than 35%, and the reaction times are not less than 5.46 s. When using 3 chevron alignment signs, the curve illusion degrees and reaction times at different radii slightly decrease. The curvature induction effect is good at a radius of 400 m, and the curve illusion degree is 6.12%, which means that the chevron alignment signs can improve the driver's curvature perception, but the improvement effect is not significant. When using 3 reflective rings, the curve illusion degrees at different radii are less than 5%, and the reaction times are more than 37% lower than before, which means that 3 reflective rings can effectively improve the driver's curvature perception and control the reaction time within a reasonable range. Based on the logistic function fitting analysis, the inflection points of the fitting curves between the curve illusion degrees and the number of reflective rings at different radii are close to 3 where the curve illusion degree is the lowest. Meanwhile, the drivers' reaction times at different radii are inversely related to the number of reflective rings. When the reflective rings are more than 4, the reaction times show a convergence trend, indicating that increasing the number of reflective rings has a limited effect on reducing the reaction time. Therefore, it is recommended to use 3 reflective rings to induce the driver's sight at highway tunnel curve sections.