谐波转矩对高速列车齿轮箱体与牵引电机振动特性的影响

为研究机电耦合作用下齿轮箱体和牵引电机的振动幅值、频谱分布及其随高速列车行驶速度的变化趋势, 分析了三相逆变器输出电压谐波频率分布与牵引电机谐波转矩, 建立了传动系统扭振模型; 基于直接转矩控制理论与车辆系统动力学理论, 搭建了牵引电机控制模型和高速列车多体动力学模型; 通过Simulink和SIMPACK联合仿真平台对比了恒力矩输入与含有谐波转矩的力矩输入模型, 分析了不同速度下牵引电机谐波转矩对高速列车齿轮箱体和牵引电机振动特性的影响。分析结果表明: 当高速列车以250 km·h-1的速度匀速运行时, 齿轮箱体大齿轮上方纵向振动、小齿轮上方纵向与垂向振动受牵引电机谐波转矩影响显著, 在700 Hz主频处振动加速度幅值显著增大, 该频率恰为牵引电机输出转矩基波频率的6倍; 在谐波转矩的影响下, 牵引电机在52 Hz主频处横向振动加速度幅值增加52.78%, 在49 Hz主频处垂向振动加速度幅值增加18.95%;随着高速列车速度的增加, 齿轮箱体纵向与牵引电机各向振动加速度逐渐增加, 牵引电机谐波转矩对齿轮箱体纵向振动加速度均方根的影响逐渐减小, 在6倍基波频率处, 齿轮箱体小齿轮上方和牵引电机纵向与垂向振动加速度均先增大后减小, 在速度为250 km·h-1时达到极大值, 且齿轮箱体和牵引电机的垂向振动受6倍基波频率谐波转矩的影响比纵向振动更为明显, 而其横向振动特性几乎不受谐波转矩的影响。 

Effects of harmonic torque on vibration characteristics of gear box housing and traction motor of high-speed train

In order to research the vibration amplitudes and frequency spectrum distributions of gear box housing and traction motor under the coupling action of electromechanics and their changing trends with the speed of high-speed train, the harmonic frequency distribution of three-phase inverter output voltage and the harmonic torque of traction motor were analyzed, and the torsional vibration model of drive system was established. Based on the theories of direct torque control and vehicle system dynamics, the traction motor control model and multi-body dynamics model of high-speed train were constructed. By means of Simulink-SIMPACK joint simulation platform, the constant torque input model was compared with the torque input model with harmonic torque, and the effects of traction motor harmonic torque on the vibration characteristics of high-speed train gear box housing and traction motor were analyzed at different speeds. Analysis result shows that when the high-speed train runs at a uniform speed of 250 km·h-1, the longitudinal vibration above the large gear, the longitudinal and vertical vibrations above the small gear of gear box housing are seriously affected by the traction motor harmonic torque. The vibration acceleration amplitude increases significantly at the main frequency of 700 Hz that is exactly up to the 6 times of fundamental frequency of traction motor output torque. Under the influence of harmonic torque, the transverse vibration acceleration amplitude of traction motor at the main frequency of 52 Hz increases by 52.78%, and the vertical vibration acceleration amplitude at the main frequency of 49 Hz increases by 18.95%. As the speed of high-speed train increases, the longitudinal vibration of gear box housing and each direction vibration acceleration of traction motor increase gradually, and the influence of traction motor harmonic torque on the root mean square(RMS) of longitudinal vibration acceleration of gear box housing decreases gradually. The longitudinal and vertical vibration accelerations above the small gear of gear box housing and traction motor increase first and then decrease at the 6 times of fundamental frequency, and reach the maximum at the speed of 250 km·h-1. The influences of 6 times fundamental frequency of harmonic torque on the vertical vibrations of gear box housing and traction motor are more obvious than those on their longitudinal vibrations, and the harmonic torque has slight influence on their lateral vibration characteristics.