复合材料粘接结构强度与环境耐久性综述

为深化对复合材料粘接结构环境耐久性的研究，从胶粘剂基础研究和面向工程的粘接结构应用研究两方面综述了国内外研究现状，探讨了粘接结构老化、疲劳及其耦合作用对强度的影响，总结了单因素和多因素耦合作用下的老化机理，根据基础研究归纳了粘接结构强度预测方法和疲劳寿命预测方法，并对未来研究重点及方向进行展望。分析结果表明:温度和湿度对粘接结构力学性能影响最为显著，多因素耦合作用下的老化更具破坏性，随温度产生的固化收缩、热膨胀系数的差异以及随湿度产生的水解和增塑作用均会使粘接剂老化，且载荷能够加速吸湿对粘接界面造成损伤，从而引发结构过早失效；老化与疲劳之间存在双向耦合作用，随时间变化的交变载荷不仅会影响粘接结构的疲劳寿命，同时还会加速粘接结构老化，而粘接结构在长期服役过程中的老化又会降低结构的疲劳性能；目前尚缺乏对湿热环境与交变载荷耦合作用下老化机理的深入研究，工程应用中的内聚力模型对延展性胶粘剂和厚胶层的预测效果欠佳，应进一步提高内聚力模型在复杂应力状态下的使用精度；损伤力学模型应考虑车辆实际服役工况并加入湿热耦合因素影响以提高使用精度；粘接结构疲劳寿命预测大多基于半经验模型，且对接头疲劳行为的预测局限于特定环境条件；随着粘接技术的进一步发展，对复杂应力状态下粘接结构服役性能的有效评估与建立准静态、疲劳和环境退化综合影响的渐进损伤模型将是未来研究的重点。 

Review on strength and environmental durability of composite adhesive structures

In order to deepen the research on the environmental durability of composite adhesive structure, the research status at home and abroad was reviewed from the basic research of adhesives and the engineering oriented the application research of adhesive structure, and the influence of aging, fatigue and their coupling action on the strength of adhesive structure was discussed. The aging mechanism of single factor and multi-factor coupling was summarized. The prediction methods of the strength and fatigue life of adhesive structure were summarized based on the basic research, and the future research emphases and directions were prospected. Analysis results show that the effect of temperature and humidity on the mechanical properties of adhesive structure is most significant. Aging under the coupling of multiple factors is more destructive, curing shrinkage and difference in thermal expansion coefficient with temperature, and hydrolysis and plasticizing with humidity all lead to adhesive aging, and the load can accelerate the absorption of moisture and cause damage to the bonding interface, leading to the premature failure of the structure. There is a bidirectional coupling between aging and fatigue. The alternating load with time will not only affect the fatigue life of the bonded structure, but also accelerate the aging of the bonded structure, and the aging of the bonded structure in the long-term service process will reduce the fatigue performance of the structure. At present, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the aging mechanism under the coupled action of humid and thermal environment and alternating load. The cohesion model in engineering application has poor prediction effect on ductile adhesive and thick adhesive layer. Therefore, the accuracy of cohesion model should be further improved under complex stress state. The damage mechanics model should take into account the actual service condition of vehicle and add the influence of hygrothermal coupling factors to improve the service accuracy. The fatigue life prediction of the bonded structure is mostly based on semi-empirical models, and the prediction of joint fatigue behavior is limited to specific environmental condition. With the further development of adhesive technology, the effective evaluation of the service performance of the adhesive structure under complex stress states and the establishment of progressive damage model under the comprehensive effects of quasi-static, fatigue and environmental degradation will be the focus of future research. 1 tab, 8 figs, 117 refs.