高速列车风阻制动试验方法综述

针对高速列车风阻制动试验方法缺少统一标准的问题，从气动特性和装置工作特性两方面系统梳理了风阻制动的相关成果与进展；分析了风翼板形状、尺寸、安装位置和间距对气动特性的影响，装置结构、工作原理和配置对工作特性的影响，阐明了制动系统性能的试验需求；分析了风阻制动对车上其他设备、轮轨/磁浮列车运行稳定性、气动噪声的影响，阐明了风阻制动运行影响性的试验需求；分析了物体撞击、平均风载荷和脉动风载荷对风阻制动装置的影响，以及风阻制动装置安装对车体结构强度的影响，阐明了风阻制动结构强度的试验需求。研究结果表明:随着新型复合材料风翼板的应用，需采用高速摄影机记录等方式获取更详细的鸟撞试验过程信息；风载荷试验便于模拟验证不同运行工况下装置的制动能力、强度和气动噪声，但受空间和成本的限制，难以进行制动系统和车体的试验；线路试验可以验证制动性能、运行影响性和结构强度，但受天气条件影响，难以模拟所有运行工况，未来需进一步研究风阻制动的标准试验方法，探索不同装置位置、运行工况和故障状态下地面风载荷试验和线路试验模拟方法，完善试验结果的评价标准。 

Review on test methods of aerodynamic brake for high-speed train

For the problem of no unified standards for aerodynamic braking test methods for high-speed trains, the relevant achievements and developments in aerodynamic brake were systematically reviewed in two aspects from aerodynamic characteristics and device functional characteristics. The effects of the shape, size, position, and spacing of wind panel on the aerodynamic characteristics and the effects of the structure, working principle, and configuration of the device on the functional characteristics were analyzed. The test requirements for the braking system performance were clarified. The impacts of aerodynamic braking on other equipments in the vehicle, operational stability of wheel-track/maglev train, and aerodynamic noise were analyzed. In addition, the test requirements for the operational impact of the aerodynamic brake were determined. The effects of object impact, average wind load, and pulsating wind load on the aerodynamic braking devices and the effect of the device installation on the structural strength of vehicle were analyzed. Furthermore, the test requirements for the structural strength of the aerodynamic brake were clarified. Analysis results show that with the application of a new composite wind panel, further detailed information regarding the bird striking test process should be recorded by using a high-speed camera. Aerodynamic load test is convenient to simulate and verify braking capacity, strength and aerodynamic noise of the device under different operating conditions. However, it is difficult to test the braking system and car body because of space and cost constraints. Field tests can verify the braking system performance, operational impact, and structural strength, but it is challenging to simulate all operating conditions, limited by weather conditions. Further investigations of the standard test methods of aerodynamic brake are required, ground wind loading test and field test simulation methods for determining different device locations, operating conditions, and fault states are explored, and the evaluation standard of test results is improved. 4 tabs, 11 figs, 55 refs.