轨道车辆制动系统智能控制与维护技术研究进展

围绕轨道车辆普遍采用的微机控制直通电空制动系统，介绍了制动系统的结构组成、工作原理和控制原理，分析了制动系统的技术特性，总结和探讨了制动系统智能化的技术发展趋势，从制动系统的智能控制与智能维护两方面，对制动系统的研究现状、存在的问题进行了综述。研究结果表明:轨道车辆制动系统是一个复杂的“机电气(液)”耦合的动态时变非线性控制系统，其服役过程与故障行为具有不确定性、模糊性和小样本性的特征；在制动系统控制技术方面，相较于理论制动力控制，速度黏着控制和减速度控制2种制动控制模式在处理外界干扰影响时控制效果均有所提升；针对制动系统控制中存在的外界干扰、性能衰退或潜隐故障等不确定因素，基于参数辨识和闭环反馈的自主智能控制是制动系统智能控制技术的发展趋势，核心目标是实现外界干扰的自适应、性能衰退的自保持以及潜隐故障的自调节；在制动系统维护技术方面，制动系统运用维护主要涉及状态监测、故障诊断，对于故障预测与状态评估的研究还很少；充分利用制动系统服役状态信息，加强多源因素耦合作用下的制动系统服役行为与演化规律研究是制动系统智能维护技术的发展趋势，应进一步开展制动系统的服役性能一致性分析评价、传感器布局优化和剩余使用寿命预测方法研究。 

Research progress on intelligent control and maintenance technology of railway vehicle braking system

Focusing on the microcomputer-controlled direct electro-pneumatic braking system commonly used in railway vehicle, the structural composition, working principle, and control principle of the braking system were introduced, the technical characteristics of the braking system were analyzed, and the technical development trend of the intelligent braking system was summarized and discussed. The research status and existing problems of the braking system were reviewed from the two aspects of intelligent control and intelligent maintenance. Research result shows that the braking system of the railway vehicle is a complex mechanic-electric-pneumatic(hydraulic) coupled dynamic time-varying nonlinear control system, and its service process and failure behavior have the characteristics of uncertainty, fuzziness, and small samples. In terms of braking system control technology, compared with the theoretical braking force control, the two braking control modes of speed adhesion control and deceleration control have improved control effects when dealing with external interference. Aiming at uncertain factors such as external interference, performance degradation, or latent faults in the control of the braking system, an autonomous intelligent control based on parameter identification and closed-loop feedback is the development trend of the intelligent control technology of the braking system. The core goal is to realize the self-adaptation of external interference, self-maintenance of performance degradation, and self-adjustment of latent faults. With respect to braking system maintenance technology, the operation and maintenance of the braking system mainly involve condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, and few studies exist on fault prognosis and condition assessment. Making full use of the service status information of the braking system and strengthening the research on the service behavior and evolution law of the braking system under the coupled effect of multi-source factors are the development trend of the intelligent maintenance technology of the braking system. Further research should be conducted on service performance consistency analysis and evaluation, sensor layout optimization, and remaining useful life prediction methods of the braking system. 6 figs, 90 refs.