车轮踏面缺陷引起的轮轨动态响应综述

从滚动接触理论、试验与数值模拟三方面概述了轮轨关系研究现状，强调了轮轨滚动接触行为中轮轨材料动态力学性能的影响；总结了轮轨材料静动态力学性能与本构关系的相关成果；介绍了由车轮扁疤、踏面剥离/剥落、车轮多边形等典型踏面缺陷引起的轮轨动态响应研究，分析了车轮踏面缺陷对轮轨滚动接触行为和列车系统动力学性能的影响，以及车轮踏面缺陷的形成原因、影响规律与演变机理，重点关注了轮轨动态效应对高速轮轨滚动接触行为的影响；概括了车轮踏面缺陷的检测技术与减缓和防治措施。研究结果表明:车轮踏面缺陷致使轮轨冲击力显著增大，导致轮轨部件损伤和车体异常振动，严重影响车辆-轨道系统部件的使用寿命和列车动力学性能，甚至威胁列车运行安全；车轮踏面缺陷的成因与机理仍需进一步探究，车辆异常制动、轮轨低黏着状态均会导致车轮扁疤的产生，轮轨材料特性、轮轨间接触载荷、轮对共振、列车制动系统性能与线路运行条件/环境等均是导致车轮踏面发生剥离的主要影响因素，轮轴共振、轮轨摩擦振动、车轮制造镟修工艺等均与车轮多边形的形成有密切联系；改善轮轨材料的性能，控制轨道系统的支撑刚度/阻尼及轮轨间摩擦因数等均是抑制车轮踏面缺陷产生的有效途径。 

Review on wheel-rail dynamic responses caused by wheel tread defects

The current research on wheel-rail relationship was summarized in three aspects, including rolling contact theories, experiments, and numerical simulations. The influence of dynamics mechanical properties of wheel/rail materials on wheel-rail rolling contact behavior was emphasized. The related results on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of wheel/rail materials and constitutive relationship were summarized. A systematical introduction was presented on the progress of research on wheel-rail dynamic responses caused by wheel flat, tread spalling, wheel polygonization, and other typical tread influences, mainly including the influence of wheel tread defects on wheel-rail rolling contact behavior and vehicle system dynamics, and the causation, influence rules and evolution mechanism of wheel tread defect. The influences of dynamic effects on high-speed wheel-rail rolling contact behavior was emphasized and the detection technologies and prevention measures of wheel tread defects were summarized. Analysis results suggest that the wheel tread defects significantly increase the wheel-rail impact force, resulting in damages of wheel-rail components and abnormal vibration of car body, which seriously affect the service life of vehicle-track components and vehicle dynamics performance, and even threaten the safety of train operation. The causes and mechanisms of wheel tread defects still need to be further explored, abnormal braking of vehicle and low adhesion state between wheel and rail will lead to wheel flat, characteristics of wheel/rail materials, wheel-rail contact load, wheelset resonance, performance of braking system and operation conditions/environment are the main factors leading to wheel tread spalling, wheel-axle resonance, wheel-rail friction vibration, wheel manufacturing and re-profiling are closely related to the formation of wheel polygonization. Improving the performance of wheel/rail materials, controlling the support stiffness/damping of track system and friction coefficients between wheel and rail are all effective measures to restrain wheel tread defects. 3 tabs, 19 figs, 209 refs.