世界拱桥建设与技术发展综述

为了解近20年世界拱桥的发展情况, 分析了钢拱桥、混凝土拱桥和钢管混凝土拱桥等拱桥的建设和技术创新, 展望了拱桥今后的发展趋势。分析结果表明: 在活载比重较大、动力问题比较突出的高速铁路桥梁中, 拱桥刚度大, 应用优势突出。在跨径方面, 3种大跨径拱桥的平均跨径分别为464、370和425 m, 且最大跨径不断增大, 以钢管混凝土拱桥最为明显。在材料方面, 高强钢在钢拱桥中的应用趋势并不明显; 混凝土拱桥的材料强度随着跨径的增大而不断提高, 超高性能混凝土已经得到应用; 钢管混凝土拱桥的拱肋材料强度在不断提高; 超高性能砂浆的提出将有助于提高圬工拱桥的竞争优势。在结构方面, 主拱采用新材料和钢腹板(杆)-混凝土组合截面, 与其他结构形成组合结构, 以及桥面连续化、轻型化和强调强健性, 是重要的技术进步。在施工技术方面, 钢管混凝土劲性骨架施工法、转体施工法和快速施工法等的发明, 推动着拱桥施工技术的进步。在结构创新与技术进步的推动下, 由于拱桥在美观、经济、结构等方面的独特优势, 今后仍将被大量修建; 超高性能混凝土有望为拱桥发展带来革命性的变化; 在跨径方面, 近期可望取得明显突破的是混凝土拱桥; 桥面系与主拱共同受力、连续化、轻型化和强调强健性也是重要发展方向。 

Review of construction and technology development of arch bridges in the world

To understand the development of arch bridges in the world in the recent 20 years, the construction and technology development of steel arch bridges, concrete arch bridges and concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch bridges were analyzed, and the future development was discussed. Analysis result shows that in the high-speed railway bridges with large live load and prominent power problem, the arch bridges have outstanding application advantage because of great rigidity. In terms of spans, the statistical average spans of steel arch bridges, concrete arch bridges and concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges are 464, 370 and 425 m, respectively, and the maximum spans of three kinds of arch bridges are increasing, especially for CFST arch bridges. In terms of materials, the application trend of high-strength steels in steel arch bridges is not obvious; the concrete strength is increasing with the span development of concrete arch bridges, and ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC) has been applied; the material strength of CFST arch rib is increasing; the proposal of ultra-high performance mortar(UHPM) will help the competitive advantage of masonry arch bridges. In terms of structures, the important technical development directions include the application of new materials, composite cross-sections of the arches and composite structures of the bridges, and the continuous and lightweight structures of the deck system, as well as more attention on their robustness. In terms of erection technologies, the invention of CFST stiff skeleton erection method, swing erection method and rapid erection method promotes the construction technologies of arch bridges. Driven by structural innovation and technological progress, arch bridges are still to be built in large quantities because of their unique advantages in aesthetics, economy, structure, and so on; the UHPC is expected to bring revolutionary change to arch bridges; in the aspect of span, the concrete arch bridges are expected to make more obvious breakthrough in the near future; the continuity, lightness and robustness of the deck system and its work together with main arch rib are also important development directions.