轨道车辆车轮多边形研究进展

针对轨道车辆普遍存在的车轮多边形问题, 从轨道车辆的稳定性、曲线通过能力、平稳性三方面阐述车轮多边形对轨道车辆动力学性能的影响, 从疲劳寿命角度评价车轮多边形对车辆-轨道系统零部件的影响; 基于轮轴和轨道结构特性、轮轨间动力作用、车轮材料及加工工艺方面研究, 对车轮多边形形成机理进行了归类; 归纳了车轮多边形产生的影响及其成因, 概括了现有车轮多边形检测与控制方法; 提出了车轮多边形研究展望, 为后续车轮多边形问题研究提供参考。研究结果表明: 车轮多边形会威胁到车辆系统稳定性, 降低车辆的曲线通过性能及车辆平稳性, 影响了旅客乘坐舒适性, 并对车辆-轨道零部件产生共振疲劳损伤; 轮轴共振是引起低速车辆车轮多边形的原因之一, 钢轨在外部激励下的响应以及局部模态与车轮多边形的形成也有必然联系, 轮轨摩擦振动则普遍适用于解释所有轨道车辆车轮多边形的产生, 车轮自身材质特性及制造镟修工艺也是车轮多边形现象发生的潜在因素; 动静态检测是处理车轮多边形现象的方法之一, 另外就是通过优化车辆-轨道系统结构、加强车轮生产工艺、对车轮踏面圆度及时修正等措施实现对车轮多边形现象的控制; 目前, 镟修仍是车轮多边形最直接处理手段, 应当改善镟修工艺。 

Research progress on wheel polygons of rail vehicles

Aiming at the problem of wheel polygons common to rail vehicles, the effects of wheel polygons on the dynamics performance of rail vehicles were described from the aspects of rail vehicle stability, curve passing ability, and stability, and the impact of wheel polygons on the vehicle-track system components was evaluated from the perspective of fatigue life.The formation mechanism of wheel polygon was classified based on the research of wheel-axle and track structural characteristics, wheel-rail dynamic effect, wheel materials and processing technology. The existing methods of wheel polygon detection and control were summarized by summarizing the influence of wheel polygons and their causes. The research prospects of wheel polygons were proposed to provide a reference for the subsequent research on wheel polygons. Research result shows that the wheel polygon will threaten the stability of vehicle system, reduce the curve passing performance and vehicle stability, affect the passengers' comfort, and cause resonance fatigue damage to vehicle-track components. The wheel-axle resonance is one of the causes of low-speed vehicle wheel polygons. The response of rails under the external excitation and local modes are also necessarily related to the formation of wheel polygons. The wheel-rail friction vibration is generally applicable to explain the generation of wheel polygons for all rail vehicles. The wheel's own material characteristics and manufacturing repair process are also potential factors to reduce the wheel polygon phenomenon. Dynamic and static detections are one of the methods to deal with the wheel polygon phenomenon. In addition, the wheel polygon phenomenon can be controlled by optimizing the structure of vehicle-track system, strengthening the wheel production process, and timely correcting the roundness of wheel tread. Wheel repair is still the most direct means to deal with the wheel polygon, and the repair process should be improved.