自行车骑行者生理、心理与综合负荷感知模型

为探究自行车骑行者在骑行过程中的生理、心理状态与骑行者个体属性、骑行强度及骑行环境之间的影响规律, 设计并实施了自行车骑行试验; 选取了相对代谢率、心境状态、自感疲劳程度和任务负荷指数等指标, 分析了骑行者生理、心理与综合负荷感知的特性及规律; 以骑行试验数据为基础, 应用偏最小二乘回归方法建立了骑行者生理、心理及综合负荷感知模型, 并对模型预测能力进行评估。研究结果表明: 骑行者个体属性、骑行强度及骑行环境均对骑行者负荷感知有影响, 其中骑行者个体属性因素中, 身体质量指数和基础代谢率作用较为显著, 二者在负荷感知模型中的平均影响因子分别为0.121和0.112;骑行强度因素中骑行时间对于负荷感知影响最大, 其平均影响因子为0.139;骑行环境因素中交叉口数对骑行负荷感知影响最为显著, 其平均影响因子为0.137;各个变量对心理负荷与综合负荷感知的影响趋势相同, 对生理负荷与综合负荷的影响趋势不相同。可见, 关注部分因素以及骑行者心理负荷对于提高骑行服务水平具有一定作用, 研究结果可应用于改善自行车骑行设施环境。 

Physiology,psychology and comprehensive loading perception models of cyclists

In order to explore the influence mechanisms of cyclists' physiological and psychological states on the individual attributes, cycling intensity and environment during the cycling process, the cycling experiment was designed and implemented. The relative metabolism rate, mood state, self-induced fatigue and task load index were selected to analyze the features and mechanisms of the cyclists' physiological, psychological and comprehensive loading perception. Based on the cycling experiment data, the physiological, psychological and comprehensive loading perception models were established by partial least-squares regression method, and the forecasting abilities of the models were also tested. Analysis result shows that cyclists' individual attributes, cycling intensity and environment all have impacts on cyclists' loading perception. Body mass index and basal metabolic rate play significant roles in individual attribute factors of cyclists, the average influence factors in the loading perception model are 0.121 and 0.112, respectively. Cycling time has the largest influence on loading perception among the cycling intensity factors, with an average influence factor of 0.139. Among the cycling environmental factors, the number of intersections has the most significant influence on cycling loading perception, with an average influence factor of 0.137. Each variable has the same influence tendency on psychological load and comprehensive load perception, but has different influence tendency on physiological load and comprehensive load. Therefore, paying more attention to some factors and the psychological load of cyclists has certain effects on improving the service level of cycles, and the research results can be applied to improve the environment of cycling facilities.