长寿命高性能耐候钢桥研究进展与工程应用

系统归纳与剖析了国内外耐候钢桥的研究新进展及工程应用情况, 总结了稳定耐候锈层的形成机制、选材标准、腐蚀与疲劳损伤机理、耐候构造、耐候螺栓研发以及锈层检测与评价技术等方面的关键科技成果, 梳理并完善了耐候钢桥的适用范围和腐蚀余量设计指标, 提出了耐候钢桥锈层稳定化处理及施工技术要点; 评析了耐候钢桥锈层损伤检测与评价技术、腐蚀损伤养管技术, 结合美、日耐候钢桥工程事故经验教训和中国首批长寿命高性能耐候钢桥建设技术创新成果, 探讨了该领域的技术创新方向。研究结果表明: 耐候锈层由外层的γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH以及内层的非晶态FeOOH化合物与Fe₃O₄构成, 稳定耐候锈层能否形成与保持, 主要受氯离子、积水和积尘等因素的影响; 建议编制中国高性能耐候钢桥选材区划图谱, 完善稳定耐候锈层构造设计准则; 现代耐候钢桥具有高性能和长寿命的技术特征, 带锈层构造细节的面内应力疲劳、面外变形疲劳试验和数值断裂力学模拟, 以及耐候高强螺栓长期耐损性能研究的推进, 将为建立完善的耐腐蚀、抗疲劳设计准则奠定基础; 人工智能技术的应用将推动长寿命高性能耐候钢桥智能运维技术的重大进步; 应加大研发投入, 建立具有中国自主知识产权的长寿命高性能耐候钢桥设计、建造和运维标准规范体系, 培养高素质的工程技术人才, 推进交通强国建设。 

Research progress and engineering application of long lasting high performance weathering steel bridges

The new research progress and engineering application of weathering steel bridges at home and abroad were systematically generalized and analyzed. The key scientific and technological achievements in the fields of formation mechanism of stable corrosion-resistant patina, material selection standard, corrosion and fatigue damage mechanism, research and development of corrosion-resistant configuration and weathering bolt, and detection and evaluation technology of patina were summarized. The application scope and corrosion allowance design indexes of weathering steel bridges were combed and improved, and the key points of stabilization treatment and construction technology for the patina of weathering steel bridges were proposed. The damage detection and evaluation technology and corrosion damage maintenance and management technology of patina in weathering steel bridges were evaluated and analyzed. Combined with the experience and lessons of weathering steel bridge engineering accidents in the United States and Japan, as well as the construction technological innovation achievements of the first batch of long lasting high performance weathering steel bridges in China, the technological innovation direction in this field was discussed. Research result shows that the composition of corrosion-resistant patina contains the outer layer of γ-FeOOH and α-FeOOH, and the inner layer of amorphous FeOOH compound and Fe₃O₄. The formation and durability of stable corrosion-resistant patina are mainly affected by the factors such as chloride ion, accumulated water and dust. The material selection zoning map of high performance weathering steel bridges in China is suggested to establish, and the configuration design criterion of stable corrosion-resistant patina should be improved. The modern weathering steel bridge has the technical characteristics of high performance and long lasting. The in-plane stress fatigue, out-of-plane deformation fatigue test, numerical fracture mechanics simulation of configuration details with patina and the research on the long-term damage resistance of weathering high-strength bolts should be promoted to lay the foundation for establishing a perfect design criterion of anti-corrosion and anti-fatigue. The application of artificial intelligence technology will promote the significant progress of intelligent management and maintenance technology of long lasting high performance weathering steel bridges. The investment for research and development should be increased, a specification system should be established for the design, construction and maintenance of long lasting high performance weathering steel bridges with independent intellectual property rights in China, the high-quality engineering and technical talents should be cultivated, thus to promot the development of Chinese strong transportation network.