加法与减法——中美城市交通综合治理的观察和思考

基于对中美城市交通的观察和思考,阐述不同的城市用地模式决定了不同的大众出行方式选择。借鉴美国的经验与教训,结合中国城市现状和发展需要,寻求缓解城市交通拥堵的方法与措施。指出中国大城市,特别是特大和超大城市,应重视公共交通系统的结构调整和完善。一是继续大力发展具有较高机动性和大运量的高铁、地铁和轻轨系统,构筑城际直达以及沿主要交通走廊布线的轨道交通网络层次;二是在此基础上,梳理地面巴士系统,使之定位于满足可达性需求的支线集散网络层次。最后,还探讨了其他一些相关措施,以减少低速、低效出行,做好综合治理城市交通的"加法"与"减法"。

Adding Up & Cutting Down:An Observation of Urban Traffic Mitigation in Both China and America

First, this paper discusses why there exist differences between China and America in land-use patterns, and as a result, why the two nations choose different modes for their daily travel activities. Given these differences, the paper explores various strategies and approaches to mitigate traffic congestions, so as to accommodate rapid developments in greater metropolitan areas in China, like Wuhan, a big town by Yangzi River in Hubei province. The paper then suggests that the structure of transit systems in large or su-per cities in China should be upgraded, with an emphasis on building a rail transit system that consists of high-speed-rails, subways, and light-railways, and that directly connects urban cores or runs along major corridors, and importantly, features competitive mobility and high capacity. On the other hand, the surface bus system should be restructured to serve only as a collecting network that provides access to the above rail transit system. The paper concludes that substantial improvements in urban comprehensive transporta-tion management can be achieved through a serious of alternatives from adding up transit mobility/capaci-ty to cutting down low-speed-low-efficiency traffic.