大型机场轨道交通发展影响因素及衔接模式——以美国东海岸机场为例

中国大多数机场在规划之初并未将轨道交通纳入机场集疏运体系,同时城市群区域多机场对多城市的状况也为机场间的陆侧交通衔接带来巨大挑战。以美国东海岸7个典型机场为研究对象,分析机场轨道交通发展因素及衔接模式。基于案例机场陆侧轨道交通客运量和分担率变化情况,总结轨道交通需求增长趋势,剖析机场轨道交通需求增长影响因素,包括机场客运吞吐量增加、非商务旅客出行比例增加、航空旅客年龄及收入降低,以及携带行李数量增加。最后,总结机场与陆侧轨道交通衔接的3种主要模式及其适用条件。

Influential Factors of Rail Transit Development and Connecting Patterns in Large Airport: Case Studies with the U.S. East Coast Airports

In China, rail transit has not been incorporated into most airports' access system at the begin-ning of an airport planning. The several cities being served by multiple airports within an urban cluster brings great challenges to airport land-side traffic connection. Taking the 7 typical airports along the East Coast of the United Sates as example, this paper analyzes the rail transit development and their connecting patterns. Based on the change of passenger volume and mode share of land-side rail transit among these air-ports, the paper summarizes the growth trend of rail transit demand and discusses the influential factors on demand growth, such as increased airport passenger throughput, increased non-business travel passengers, age and lowered income level of air passengers, and increased number of carry-on bags. Finally, the paper proposes three main connecting patterns between airport and land-side rail transit and their applicable con-ditions.