网络约租车对出行方式选择及交通运行的影响

网络约租车为居民提供一种便捷的出行选择。但是，作为以小汽车为运输工具的非集约化出行方式，网络约租车应当在与城市规模、功能布局等相适配的前提下适度、有序发展。结合2015年7月和11月组织的两次北京市网约车用户问卷调查结果，量化计算网约车发展后居民出行方式选择的变化，以及由此带来的道路资源分配变化。数据扩样测算结果显示：北京市网络约租车出行规模已极为庞大，日出行量高达352.6万人次，约占全市出行总量的11%，其中转移自公共交通和自行车交通的比例高达58%。道路交通运行跟踪监测结果显示：网络约租车每日增加小汽车出行量33.0万车次，占六环内小汽车出行总量的2.7%，与北京市2015年前三季度交通指数较2014年同期增长20%有较高相关性。最后，针对促进网络约租车有序发展提出相关建议。

The Impact of APP-Based Car Sharing on Travel Mode Shift and Transportation Operation Perfor-mance

The APP-based car-sharing/hailing provides a convenient travel option for citizens. However, as a non-intensive travel mode, the development of car-sharing/hailing should take urban scale, economic de-velopment level, land use, and transportation system into account. Referring to two questionnaire surveys distributed in Beijing's App-based car-sharing/hailing users which is conducted in July and November, 2015, this study estimates the changes of residents' travel mode choice and road spaces distribution after APP-based car-sharing/hailing is activated. The results show that the car-sharing/hailing users are enor-mous in number, daily trip is as high as 3.526 million, which is about 11%of total travel of Beijing. Note that 58%of total trips are transferred from public transportation or cyclists. In addition, the traffic opera-tion monitoring survey shows that, daily private car trips are increased by 0.33 million after APP-based car-sharing/hailing, accounting 2.7%of car trips within the region of the 6th Ring Road;Beijing traffic index had increased 20% in 2015 by comparing with 2014. Finally, suggestions are proposed to promote a healthy development of such a new mode.