我国典型高速铁路轮轨型面变化规律及匹配特性

为系统掌握我国高速铁路轮轨型面变化及匹配特性,在京沪、武广、哈大、兰新、贵广、丹大等6条典型高速铁路上,选择172个钢轨型面测点和6列动车组的384个车轮,进行为期2 a的现场测试。基于实测数据,应用数理统计方法分析钢轨和车轮的磨耗特性,并使用实测钢轨型面进行1个镟轮周期内的轮轨匹配等效锥度分析。结果表明:高速铁路曲线半径大于2495 m时,直线和曲线钢轨磨耗速率基本相当;对于年通过总重小于11 Mt的线路,钢轨垂直磨耗不足0.01 mm;曲线半径小于800 m的钢轨磨耗速率明显增大;哈大线、兰新线和丹大线的动车组车轮踏面磨耗较大,踏面平均磨耗速率约为0.05~0.06 mm·(万km)^-1,而京沪线、武广线和贵广线约为0.03~0.035 mm·(万km)^-1;车轮磨耗范围较小时,等效锥度随车轮踏面磨耗的增大而增大,车轮磨耗范围较宽时,轮轨接触点分布均匀,等效锥度随车轮踏面磨耗的增大没有明显的增大趋势。

Typical Wheel-Rail Profile Change and Matching Characteristics of High-Speed Railway in China

In order to systematically grasp the change and matching characteristics of wheel and rail profiles of high-speed railway in China,172 rail profile measurement points and 384 wheels of 6 high-speed EMUs were selected on 6 typical high-speed railway lines,including Beijing-Shanghai,Wuhan-Guangzhou,Harbin-Dalian,Lanzhou-Xinjiang,Guiyang-Guangzhou and Dandong-Dalian for a 2-year field test.Based on the measured data,the characteristics of rail and wheel wear were analyzed by mathematical statistics method.The equivalent conicity of wheel and rail matching in a wheel reprofiling cycle was analyzed by using the measured rail profile.Results show that when the curve radius of high-speed railway is larger than 2495 m,the wear rate of straight line and curve rail is almost the same.For the line with annual traffic gross weight less than 11 Mt,the vertical wear of rail is less than 0.01 mm.The wear rate of the rail with the curve radius less than 800 m increases obviously.The wheel tread wear of EMUs on Harbin-Dalian line,Lanzhou-Xinjiang line and Dandong-Dalian line is relatively large,and the average wear rate of tread is about 0.05~0.06 mm·(10000 km)-1,while that of Beijing-Shanghai line,Wuhan-Guangzhou line and Guiyang-Guangzhou line is about 0.03~0.035 mm·(10000 km)-1.When the wear range of wheel is small,the equivalent conicity increases with the increase of wheel tread wear.When the wear range of wheel is wide,the contact points of wheel and rail are evenly distributed,and the equivalent conicity does not increase obviously with the increase of wheel tread wear.