中尼跨境铁路工程地质环境特征及主要工程地质问题研究

中尼跨境铁路是首条穿越喜马拉雅山脉的铁路,位于印度板块与欧亚板块直接碰撞、拼合的作用带内,其地形、地质条件和自然环境极其复杂,是世界铁路建设史上难度及风险极大的铁路工程。通过分析总结工程地质环境特征,提出影响铁路建设的主要工程地质问题。研究表明:中尼跨境铁路工程地质环境特征呈典型的"六极四高"特征,存在极高地应力下的软岩大变形、硬岩岩爆问题,深大活动断裂的工程地质效应问题,高烈度地震问题,高地温热害问题,边坡稳定性问题,泥石流水毁问题及其他工程地质问题。建议采用"科学研究作先导,先进勘察技术为手段,常规调查与勘探是基础"的勘察设计理念,针对性开展中尼跨境铁路主要工程地质问题分布规律、对铁路工程影响、综合选线技术、工程措施等关键技术研究。

Research on Engineering Geological Environment Characteristics and Engineering Geological Problems of China-Nepal Cross-border Railway

The China-Nepal Cross-border Railway(CNCBR), located in the zone of direct collision and combination between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate and characterized by extremely complexity in topography, geological conditions and natural environment, is the first railway crossing the Himalaya mountains and the most difficult and high risk railway engineering in the history of world railway construction. The main engineering geological problems affecting the railway construction are proposed based on the analysis and summary of its engineering geological environment characteristics. The research indicates that the engineering geological environment of CNCBR is characterized by "six-extreme and four-high", such as large deformation of soft rock and rock burst subject to extremely high geostress, engineering geological effects of large active faults, high seismic intensity problems, heat impair of high geothermal temperature, slop stability problem, debris flow and flood disaster and so on. It is recommended to conduct key technical research on the distribution law of main engineering geological problems in the zone of CNCBR and their impacts on railway engineering, the comprehensive railway line selection technology and engineering measures by means of such survey and design concepts as "scientific research as the guide, advanced survey technology as the means, routine survey and exploration as the foundation".