地铁车站人群集散能力瓶颈风险评价

城市轨道交通日益增长的需求与有限的地铁站空间之间的矛盾日益加剧,引发地铁站内拥挤位置的人群集散风险评价及人流控制成为亟待解决的问题,提出选取人流密度、关联人群组数和人流负荷率作为瓶颈点风险的评价指标,给定各指标的量化打分方式并制定各得分情况下指标的风险等级。借鉴LED评分法,提出风险值计算公式D=K·N·S以确定人群集散风险等级,为集散管理提供判断依据。结合武汉市洪山广场地铁站乘客流通情况,采用Anylogic仿真模拟得到相关人流参数,根据制定的瓶颈点风险评价标准对其风险进行评价,得出该车站整体集散风险处于中等水平的结论,并针对结果提出应加强乘客引导,增设栏杆分流及增加检票口等风险控制策略。评价结果与实际基本相符,为地铁站内人群集散瓶颈风险评价及控制提供决策依据。

Risk Analysis of Bottleneck in Gathering and Distributing of Subway Station

Because of the increasing demands of urban rail transit station and the limited station place,the risk control of crowded places must be addressed. In this paper,pedestrian density,associated group number and pedestrian loading rate are chosen for evaluation,and the corresponding calculation methods and risk level are given. With reference to LED method,the formula is used to calculate the risk value of the bottleneck. With the data of the Hongshan Square subway station in Wuhan,the traffic situation is simulated using Anylogic software,and the risk level of the station bottleneck is evaluated with the criteria set up in the paper. As can be seen from the results,the overall distributing risk is at a medium level. Such risk control strategies are proposed as strengthening passenger guidance,adding railings for more effective distribution,and increasing wickets. The risk assessment results are in consistent with operational status quo, indicating that the risk evaluation system can provide guidelines for risk identification and evaluation.