新型轨道交通再生制动能量吸收装置研究

城市轨道交通具有站间距离短、车辆运行密度高等特点,列车在频繁的起动与制动过程中会产生数量可观的制动能量。目前再生制动能量回收较多采用电阻吸收或逆变回馈加电阻的形式,能量回收率和利用率都较低。根据逆变回馈和电容储能的特点,组成逆变+储能的新型再生制动能量吸收装置:直流母线制动电能通过逆变器接入400 V车站低压配电系统,超级电容通过DC/DC双向变换器并联在直流母线上,较平稳的制动功率直接经逆变器给车站负荷供电,较大的尖峰功率由超级电容吸收,再供负荷或车辆起动加速用。根据列车的制动特性,以某地铁线路实际数据为例,计算了列车实际的制动功率和能量,给出了逆变器和储能的功率及容量配置方案。所提方案能够完全吸收利用再生制动能量,且所需储能容量较小。

Research on the Regenerative Braking Energy Absorption Device for New Urban Rail Transit

Urban rail transit produces considerable braking energy in the process of frequent starting and braking due to short station distance and high running density.Currently,resistance or inverter feedback with resistance is the main way to recycle the breaking energy,but shows low rate of energy recovery and utilization.In this paper,according to the characteristics of the inverter feedback and capacitor energy storage,a new type of regenerative braking absorption device is composed with inverter and energy storage,in which the DC bus braking energy is connected to 400 V low voltage power distribution system through the inverter,the super capacitor is in parallel to the DC bus through bi-directional DC/DC converter,thus directly supplies relatively smooth braking power to the station load by the inverter power,while the large peak power is absorbed by the super capacitor,and used again for load or vehicle starting and accelerating.Based on the characteristics of the braking of the train,the data of an actual subway line are taken as the example to calculate the actual braking power and energy,the power and energy storage capacity of inverter scheme is given.The proposed scheme can fully absorb the regenerative braking energy,while the required storage capacity is smaller.