我国铁路能源利用效率和节能减排分析研究

铁路是我国综合运输体系的骨干,对社会经济的发展具有基础支撑作用。通过铁路、公路、民航和水运等交通运输方式能耗的比较,铁路单位换算周转量能耗较低（仅比水运高）;通过分析全路机车牵引综合能耗情况、以及往年内燃机车、电力机车能耗情况,说明了铁路牵引动力结构的变化使铁路能源利用效率得到了提高,发展铁路运输对于改善交通运输业的能源结构及能源使用效率将起到积极的推动作用;铁路借助其在能效方面的比较优势,通过替代其他运输方式以及自身能效的提高从而达到节能减排的目的,对实现我国低碳经济做出了重大的贡献。

Study on. Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving of Chinese Railway

Railway is the backbone of China’s comprehensive transportation system,and it plays a supportive role in socio-economic development.Comparing the transport energy consumption by railway,road,civil aviation and water transport,the unit energy consumption by railway very low（only higher than the water transport）.By analyzing the comprehensive energy consumption of the whole railway locomotive traction,as well as diesel,electric locomotive power in previous years,the changes in the structure of the railway traction power improved the energy use efficiency.Development of the railway transport industry will play a positive role in promoting the energy structure and energy efficiency of transport industry.With its advantage in energy efficiency,railway transport has made a significant contribution to the achievement of low-carbon economy in China by substituting other transport modes,as well as through its own improvements of energy efficiency.