高速磁浮单线隧道车体压力载荷特征

高速磁浮列车通过隧道过程中将引起剧烈的压力波动,造成司乘人员耳感舒适性、车体及其零部件、隧道衬砌及辅助设施的气动疲劳寿命问题,有必要对磁浮列车高速通过隧道时压力波效应进行研究。采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型和广义黎曼变量特征线法对单列车通过隧道时车体压力载荷进行数值模拟研究,初步揭示隧道长度、列车速度、阻塞比对车外压力波的影响规律;得出时速500~600 km/h速度下基于最大正负值和最大压力峰峰值的最不利隧道长度;论证了列车通过隧道产生的压力波幅值与列车速度平方成正比的适用范围,总结了压力最值与速度的拟合关系式。本文研究方法和结果可为车体设计选用气动载荷提供参考依据。

Pressure load characteristics of high-speed maglev single-track tunnels

The high-speed maglev trains could cause severe pressure fluctuations when passing through tunnels, thus resulting in discomfort to the ears of drivers and passengers, and leading to aerodynamic fatigue life problems of train bodies and other components of trains, linings and auxiliary facilities of tunnels. It is necessary to study the pressure wave effect of high-speed maglev trains passing through tunnels. In this paper, the one-dimensional compressible unsteady non-homentropic flow model and method of characteristics of generalized Riemann variables were used to numerically study the pressure load of a train body when a single train passes through a tunnel. The effect laws of tunnel length, train speed, and blocking ratio on the external pressure wave were revealed. The most critical tunnel length based on the maximum positive and negative values and the maximum pressure peak-to-peak value at the speed of 500 to 600 km/h was obtained. It is demonstrated the applicable range of the pressure wave amplitude generated by the train passing through the tunnel is directly proportional to the square of the train speed. The fitting relation between the maximum pressure and speed was summarized. The research methods and results in this paper can provide a reference for the selection of aerodynamic loads for train body design.