基于探头声场特性的钢轨超声检测研究

摘要：在分析钢轨主要缺陷分布规律的基础上，引入多元高斯声束模型，结合钢轨形状特征进行了圆形平面探头和矩形平面探头辐射入钢轨内声场的模拟。通过钢轨内部的声场分析模拟，确定各探头的有效检测区域，并对相应的钢轨超声检测工艺开展研究。针对钢轨内部不同位置缺陷进行了超声检测实验，实验结果的A波图显示：轨头内部、轨底及轨腰部的缺陷能够被有效检测，与超声探头声场模拟结果预期能够良好吻合。

Rail ultrasonic inspection based on the features of transducer sound field

On the basis of analyzing distribution regularities of defects of rails, adopting the multi - Gaussian beam model and based on shape parameters of rails, simulations of sound field performed which were taken place in rails respectively with the circular plane transducers and rectangular plane transducer. Relying on analysis and simulations of sound field in rails, effective inspecting area of each transducer was determined accordingly, and relevant techniques of ultrasonic inspection of rails were researched. Ultrasonic inspecting tests were made to de- tect the defects in different parts of rails. The results show that defects in rail heads, rail bases as well as rail waists can be effectively detected, which can be made coincidence with predictions of simulating results of sound field by ultrasonic transducers.