列车空气制动与纵向动力学集成仿真

长大列车纵向冲动一直是重载列车发展的瓶颈,空气制动不同步是列车纵向冲动的根源,制动特性试验方法已不能够满足仿真各种列车编组的纵向冲动分析的需求,特别是多机车不同步动作、列车中有可控列尾装置等使得试验基础上的制动特性更具有局限性,因此获得适用性更广的制动特性成为纵向动力学研究的首要问题。本研究开发了列车空气制动与纵向动力学联合同步仿真系统,该系统基于消息机制,能够在运行过程中改变列车驾驶指令。介绍列车制动系统和纵向动力学同步仿真基本原理,气体流动理论,列车管压强、缸内压强计算方法,机车牵引、动力制动,缓冲器特性、摩擦系数、纵向冲动等计算方法。仿真计算典型长大列车制动特性和纵向冲动特性并与试验结果进行比较,与试验结果吻合较好。该仿真系统适合于模拟各种编组列车在各种线路运行过程中制动力与车钩力等重要参数,为制动系统和列车纵向冲动等研究提供方法和手段。

The Integrated Model of Train Air Brake and Longitudinal Dynamics

Longitudinal impact of the long train is the bottleneck of developing heavy haul trains.The source of the impact is braking propagation.The braking characteristics test method cannot satisfy the need of longitudinal dynamics simulation of various train formations,especially for the train with multi-locomotives and the brake vent device at train-tail.To get train braking performance of wider application becomes the primary problem in simulation of heavy haul longitudinal dynamics.The integrated model of air brake and longitudinal dynamics of the train was developed.Being based on the message mechanism,this model can realize synchronous simulation of the air brake system and longitudinal train dynamics,and it can change the train order when the train is running.The basic principle of synchronous simulation of air flow in the brake system and longitudinal train dynamics was put forward.The calculation methods of the air flow in the brake pipe,pressure in volume,traction force,electric brake force,buffer characteristics,and friction factor of wheel and brake shoe etc.were introduced.The simulation results were compared with the braking characteristics,longitudinal force,braking distance and braking time acquired in experiments with 10000t and 20000t trains.Good coincidence was proved.The proposed system is adapted to suit the need of simulating for important parameters such as the brake force and coupler force etc.of trains of any formation running on any type of railway lines in China.This provides a research method for optimization of brake systems and buffer performance.