基于数据融合的城市轨道交通规划理论研究——BIM与GIS一体化研究综述

大数据与信息化给城市和轨道交通领域带来了更多机会和挑战,不同来源信息数据的整合需要跨尺度理论、综合化技术手段及跨平台分析方法。轨道交通领域需要跨部门、多专业协作,而数据融合技术为城市轨道交通与城市空间协同性差、相关专业之间存在技术壁垒等问题提供解决途径,并为城市轨道交通规划中二维信息向三维信息的转变搭建技术平台。针对当前轨道交通领域信息化趋势及信息集成的需求,通过建立比较框架,探讨在数据融合环境中,打通城市国土空间规划、城市轨道交通线网规划及车站建筑设计等阶段,建筑信息模型(buildinginformationmodeling,BIM)与地理信息系统(geographicinformationsystem,GIS)一体化平台在数据支撑规划设计中的应用。从CAD、GIS以及规划支持系统(planningsupportsystems,PSS)3个不同阶段综述规划信息平台的发展,探讨每个阶段针对轨道交通一体化的技术特征、进步和局限。通过对理论趋势、城市规划与城市轨道交通发展需求和相关技术现状等方面的研究,显示城市规划与城市轨道交通领域的技术平台和数据标准均呈现出整合化特征。针对城市轨道交通领域整合的发展趋势与数据融合需求,提出BIM和GIS软件平台及数据标准的集成,是城市轨道交通科学化、智慧化发展的技术关键,也是大数据时代实现轨道交通与城市协同发展的重要支撑。

Theoretical Research on Urban Rail Transit Planning Based on Data Integration: Literature Review on Synergy between BIM and GIS

Big data and application of information technology have brought more opportunities and challenges to urban and rail transit fields. The integration of data from different sources requires cross-scale theory, comprehensive technology, and cross-platform analysis. The field of rail transit requires cross-departmental and multi-disciplinary collaboration; data fusion technology provides solutions to the problems of poor coordination between urban rail transit and urban space and technical barriers between related disciplines. Furthermore, it provides a technical platform for the transformation of two-dimensional information into three-dimensional information, with regard to urban rail transit planning. Aimed at the current trend of application of information technolgy and the command of information integration in the field of rail transit, this paper explores the application of BIM and GIS integration platforms in data support planning and design in data fusion environments by establishing a comparison framework, based on the various stages of urban master planning, urban rail transit network planning and station building design. This paper reviews the development of a planning information platform via the three stages of CAD, GIS, and PSS and discusses the technical characteristics, progress, and limitations of rail transit integration at each stage. Through research on theoretical trends, urban planning and urban rail transit development needs, and related technology status, the technical platforms and data standards in the urban planning and urban rail transit fields are shown to be entirely integrated. In view of the integrated development trend and data fusion requirements in the urban rail transit field, the integration of BIM and GIS software platforms and data standards is proposed. It is key to the scientific and intelligent development of urban rail transit and is an important factor for the realization of rail transit and urban coordinated developments in the era of big data.