TOD 规划设计理论研究

轨道交通站点的主要职能之一是运输乘客,通过网络化建设推动人口的大量流动,同时也产生多空间尺度效应,公共交通导向开发(TOD)可以满足多元化的功能需求,激发影响区域的城市活力和协同公交都市的建设,理论和实践价值越发突出。然而目前的TOD相关研究成果主要基于单一尺度进行探讨,缺乏系统、多尺度、多维度的梳理。基于此,通过文献计量法分析TOD理论演进,研究新城市主义影响下的站点综合效应、精明增长影响下的站区集聚效应、多维度时代的站群结构效应,探明不同发展阶段TOD规划设计理论。对比中美语境下TOD概念差异,发现中国城市整体密度高、密度分布均质化、大城市通勤时距长、职住不匹配的问题突显。针对中国现在面临的问题,分别从站点、站区和站群尺度,提出TOD精细设计、协同规划、时空交互的开发建议和策略,希望对未来的TOD规划设计提供借鉴。

Research on TOD Planning and Design Theory

At present, one of the main functions of rail transit stations is transporting passengers. The construction of rail transit networks promotes a large population flow and simultaneously produces multi-space scale effects. Transit-oriented development (TOD) can meet diversified functional needs, stimulate the vitality of the city in the affected area, and coordinate with the construction of the transit metropolis. The theoretical and practical values of TOD have become more prominent in recent times. However, the current TOD-related research results are mainly discussed on a single scale, lacking systematic, multi-scale, and multi-dimensional study. Hence, this study analyzes the evolution of TOD theories using a bibliometric method, studies the comprehensive effect of new urbanism on stations, agglomeration of stations influenced by smart growth, and the station group structure in the multi-dimensional era. It also explores the theoretical connotation of TOD planning and design in different developmental stages. Comparison of the differences in TOD concepts between China and the United States show that the overall density of Chinese cities is high, density distribution is homogeneous, commuting time in big cities is long, and the problem of mismatch between job and residence is prominent. Considering the current problems in China, this paper suggests strategies for the development and design of TOD, collaborative planning, and space-time interaction between the scale of stations, station areas, and station groups.